中国稀土镝回收潜力评估
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刘若华,女,北京人,硕士研究生,研究方向为城市矿产与循环经济。E-mail: liurh23@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn |
收稿日期: 2024-08-24
修回日期: 2025-02-20
网络出版日期: 2025-08-13
基金资助
国家自然科学基金重大研究计划集成项目(92462301)
气候变化与碳中和国际合作联合行动科学研究类项目(20243080044)
Measuring the recycling potential of rare earth dysprosium in China
Received date: 2024-08-24
Revised date: 2025-02-20
Online published: 2025-08-13
【目的】 “城市矿产”二次资源在资源可持续供给方面发挥着越来越重要的作用,镝是一种重要的稀土资源,被广泛应用于家用电器、汽车、风力涡轮机等产品中,如何精确评估镝回收潜力是迫切需要解决的科学问题。【方法】 本文通过物质流分析的自下而上方法,核算了2001—2023年中国金属镝的消费量,并预测2024—2050年镝的消费和报废状况,评估从“城市矿产”中回收镝的潜力。【结果】 ①镝的消费量在2001—2023年间迅速扩大,主要应用于风力涡轮机、电动汽车和空调中。②2024—2050年,家用电器、汽车和电动自行车对镝的消费量将呈现先升后降的趋势,风力涡轮机对镝的消费量持续上升;③镝消费量将在2036年增长至峰值,约为7200 t,随后下降至2042年的约6600 t,并趋于平稳,消费主要集中在电动汽车和风力涡轮机中。④随着产品报废量的增加,镝的回收潜力持续上升,在2050年达到约6500 t,预计回收潜力可以满足相关产业发展需求。【结论】 尽管中国镝的储量位于世界前列,但目前的开采量难以满足未来产品对镝的需求。因此,需要发展循环经济,从“城市矿产”中回收镝以弥补需求缺口,降低原生矿产开采压力,保障镝资源供给安全。
刘若华 , 曾现来 . 中国稀土镝回收潜力评估[J]. 资源科学, 2025 , 47(7) : 1476 -1484 . DOI: 10.18402/resci.2025.07.07
[Objective] Secondary resources from “urban minerals” play an increasingly significant role in the sustainable supply of resources. Dysprosium is an important rare earth element widely used in products such as household appliances, automobiles, and wind turbines. Accurately assessing the recycling potential of dysprosium is an urgent scientific issue that needs to be addressed. [Methods] This study used a bottom-up approach to calculate the consumption of dysprosium in China from 2001 to 2023. The consumption and scrap conditions of dysprosium from 2024 to 2050 were predicted to assess the recycling potential of dysprosium from “urban minerals”. [Results] (1) The consumption of dysprosium increased rapidly from 2001 to 2023, primarily being applied in wind turbines, electric vehicles, and air conditioners. (2) From 2024 to 2050, dysprosium consumption in household appliances, automobiles, and e-bikes would first increase and then decline, while consumption in wind turbines would continue to rise. (3) Dysprosium consumption would peak at about 7200 t by 2042, then remain relatively stable at about 6600 t between 2041 and 2050, mainly concentrated in electric vehicles and wind turbines. (4) With the increase of product scrap, the recycling potential of dysprosium would continuously rise, reaching about 6500 t by 2050, which is expected to meet the future demand. [Conclusion] Although China ranks among the world’s top holders of dysprosium reserves, the current mining volume is unlikely to meet future product demand. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a circular economy and recycle dysprosium from “urban minerals” to fill the demand gap, reduce the pressure on primary mineral extraction, and ensure the security of dysprosium resource supply.
Key words: dysprosium; recycling potential; urban minerals; circular economy; rare earth; China
表1 各类产品的韦伯寿命分布函数的参数Table 1 Parameters of Weibull lifetime distribution functions of different products |
| 产品类型 | 比例参数 | 形状参数 |
|---|---|---|
| 洗衣机 | 13.3 | 2.8 |
| 空调 | 14.3 | 2.2 |
| 冰箱 | 11.3 | 2.8 |
| 燃油车 | 13.2 | 3.6 |
| 电动汽车 | 13.2 | 3.6 |
| 电动自行车 | 6.0 | 1.3 |
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