中国乘用车物质代谢与碳减排策略
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宋璐璐,女,山西长治人,博士,副研究员,主要从事物质在全国或者城市尺度的存量与流量估算研究。E-mail: llsong@iue.ac.cn |
收稿日期: 2020-10-09
要求修回日期: 2020-12-01
网络出版日期: 2021-05-25
基金资助
国家自然科学青年基金项目(41801207)
福建省科技计划对外合作项目(2018I0020)
中国科学院前沿科学重点研究项目(QYZDB-SSW-DQC012)
版权
Material metabolism and carbon emission reduction strategies of passenger cars in China’s mainland
Received date: 2020-10-09
Request revised date: 2020-12-01
Online published: 2021-05-25
中国是全球最大的汽车制造和消费国,汽车行业带来的资源消耗和温室气体排放受到了学者的广泛关注。辨析汽车行业的物质资源代谢特征和碳减排潜力可为落实循环经济政策和实现可持续发展提供科学依据。本文基于动态物质流模型,预测了中国乘用车中21种物质材料的代谢特征,评估了乘用车使用过程中的碳减排潜力。研究结果表明:①1949—2019年中国乘用车中的物质存量呈现指数型增长趋势,由2.3万t增加至3.7亿t。2030年后物质存量逐渐饱和,并于2050年达到5.6亿~11.1亿t;②2050年乘用车中物质材料报废量将超过需求量并达到37.4百万~73.8百万t/年;其中,钢铁(包括高强钢、普通钢和铁)报废量将达到21.2百万~42.4百万t/年;其他战略金属和稀贵金属报废量将达到36.8万~59.8万t/年;延长乘用车使用寿命以及较低的乘用车保有量可有效减少产废量;③提高汽油车的燃料效率是最有效的碳减排策略,其碳减排潜力高达3.3亿t,可降低40%的碳排放量。本文的研究结果可为汽车行业物质资源的有效管理以及碳减排策略的制定提供科学支撑。
宋璐璐 , 曹植 , 代敏 . 中国乘用车物质代谢与碳减排策略[J]. 资源科学, 2021 , 43(3) : 501 -512 . DOI: 10.18402/resci.2021.03.07
China is the world’s largest motor vehicle manufacturer and consumer. The resource consumption and greenhouse gas emissions brought by the vehicles have attracted widespread attention from scholars. Comprehensive assessment of material metabolism and carbon emission reduction potential of the vehicles are important prerequisite for policy formulation in circular economy and low-carbon development. Taking the passenger cars in China’s mainland as an example, we predict the future development of material demand, scrap, and evaluate the potential of CO2 emission reduction associated with product use based on the dynamic material flow analysis model. The results show that the demand for passenger cars will gradually decrease after reaching a peak around 2022 (30~60 million per year), and will be around 30 million per year by 2050. After 2000, the amount of scrapped passenger cars has been increasing and will exceed the demand in 2040. In 2050, the amount of scrapped passenger cars will reach 30~70 million per year. The material scrap of passenger cars will exceed the material demand after 2040, and reach 37.3~73.8 million tons per year in 2050. Among five different emission reduction strategies, improving the fuel efficiency of gasoline vehicles is an effective strategy for emission reduction. Its emission reduction potential can reach 330 million tons per year, which can reduce carbon emissions by 40%. This article discussed the potential opportunities and challenges of circular economy and low-carbon development in the vehicle sector, and prospects for the future research work.
表1 乘用车物质使用强度情景设置Table 1 Parameters for material content of passenger cars under different scenarios |
| 序号 | 材料 | 使用强度/(kg/辆) | 序号 | 材料 | 使用强度/(g/辆) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 基准情景 | 低轻量化 | 高轻量化 | 基准情景 | 低轻量化 | 高轻量化 | ||||
| 1 | 普通钢(Steel) | 451 | 100 | — | 11 | 镁(Mg) | 3000 | 3000 | 3000 |
| 2 | 高强钢(HSS) | 250 | 339 | 424 | 12 | 钕(Nb) | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| 3 | 铁(Iron) | 77 | 77 | 77 | 13 | 镍(Ni) | 2200 | 2200 | 2200 |
| 4 | 铝(Al) | 180 | 250 | 200 | 14 | 锡(Sn) | 530 | 530 | 530 |
| 5 | 铜(Copper) | 31 | 31 | 31 | 15 | 轻稀土(LREE) | 76 | 76 | 76 |
| 6 | 塑料(Plastic) | 230 | 230 | 230 | 16 | 重稀土(HREE) | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| 7 | 橡胶(Rubber) | 41 | 41 | 41 | 17 | 钴(Co) | 42 | 42 | 42 |
| 8 | 玻璃(Glass) | 53 | 53 | 53 | 18 | 银(Ag) | 17 | 17 | 17 |
| 9 | 其他材料(Misc) | 43 | 43 | 43 | 19 | 钨(W) | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| 10 | 锰(Mn) | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 20 | 钽(Ta) | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| 21 | 金(Au) | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||
表2 未来不同发展情景的参数设置Table 2 Parameters for future scenario analysis |
| 核算指标 | 情景设置 | 参数设置 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P/亿 | c/(辆/1000人) | τ/年 | I/(t/辆) | F/(L/100 km) | T/% | K/(km/年) | ||
| 产品/物质代谢 核算情景 | 基准情景 | 13.6 | 450 | 15 | 451/250/180 | — | — | — |
| 少人口 | 12.3 | 450 | 15 | 451/250/180 | — | — | — | |
| 多人口 | 15.1 | 450 | 15 | 451/250/180 | — | — | — | |
| 低保有量 | 13.6 | 300 | 15 | 451/250/180 | — | — | — | |
| 高保有量 | 13.6 | 600 | 15 | 451/250/180 | — | — | — | |
| 短寿命 | 13.6 | 450 | 12 | 451/250/180 | — | — | — | |
| 长寿命 | 13.6 | 450 | 18 | 451/250/180 | — | — | — | |
| 低轻量化 | 13.6 | 450 | 15 | 100/339/250 | ||||
| 高轻量化 | 13.6 | 450 | 15 | —/424/200 | ||||
| 最小值 | 12.3 | 300 | 18 | 451/250/180 | — | — | — | |
| 最大值 | 13.6 | 600 | 12 | 451/250/180 | — | — | — | |
| 碳排放核算情景 | 高燃油效率 | 13.6 | 450 | — | — | 4.5 | 35 | 13000 |
| 高电动车比例 | 13.6 | 450 | — | — | 4.5 | 55 | 13000 | |
| 少行驶里程 | 13.6 | 450 | — | — | 4.5 | 55 | 12000 | |
| 低保有量 | 13.6 | 300 | — | — | 4.5 | 55 | 12000 | |
| 少人口 | 12.3 | 300 | — | — | 4.5 | 55 | 12000 | |
注:表中物质使用强度(I)数值分别对应普通钢/高强钢/铝的使用强度的变化,其他物质材料的使用强度保持不变(参见表1)。 |
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