游憩者环境偏好、恢复性评价与健康效益评估关系研究——以福州国家森林公园为例
作者简介:刘群阅,男,福建莆田人,博士生,研究方向为风景园林规划与设计。E-mail:fafulqy@126.com
收稿日期: 2017-04-30
要求修回日期: 2017-09-20
网络出版日期: 2018-02-11
基金资助
福建省科技厅引导性项目(2017Y0003)
国家林业局森林公园工程技术研究中心开放课题(PTJH1500209)
Tourists’ environmental preferences, perceived restoration and perceived health at Fuzhou National Forest Park
Received date: 2017-04-30
Request revised date: 2017-09-20
Online published: 2018-02-11
Copyright
环境偏好是游憩者对景观环境的喜好态度,恢复性评价是游憩者对恢复性环境恢复效果的评价,健康效益评估则是游憩者对恢复性环境健康效益的综合评价。大量研究指出人们对不同的环境会产生不同的偏好,且偏好程度越高的环境恢复性效益越高,正如自然环境与城市环境相比,前者大多更受人偏爱,恢复性效益也更高。此外,人们对环境恢复性评价地提升有助于提高对环境健康效益地评估。为了探究环境偏好、恢复性评价与健康效益评估之间的关系及作用机理,本研究构建了三者之间的路径模型,以福州国家森林公园为例,进行结构关系模型验证。结果表明:①修正后的一致性、复杂性和神秘性三个维度能够有效预测环境偏好,其中,神秘性对环境偏好的解释能力最高;②远离、延展性、魅力性和兼容性均能够有效反映环境恢复性评价,其中,魅力性对恢复性评价影响最大;③环境偏好对恢复性评价有显著正向影响,环境恢复性评价对健康效益评估具有显著正向影响;④环境偏好对健康效益评估没有直接影响,但可以通过恢复性评价产生间接影响。因此,在进行自然游憩地的规划设计时,为了营造具有更高健康效益的景观环境,应考虑游憩者对景观功能的多样需求,并适当塑造具有神秘性、魅力性且多元丰富的景观环境。
刘群阅 , 陈烨 , 张薇 , 张逸君 , 黄启堂 , 兰思仁 . 游憩者环境偏好、恢复性评价与健康效益评估关系研究——以福州国家森林公园为例[J]. 资源科学, 2018 , 40(2) : 381 -391 . DOI: 10.18402/resci.2018.02.14
Environmental preferences and perceived restoration are the two main perceptions of tourists in some environments. Perceived health reflects the health benefits from the environment to people. A lot of studies suggest that people have different preferences for different environments, and the greater the preference, the greater the environmental recovery benefit. For example, compared with urban environments, nature is preferred and has more recovery benefits. The advancement and accumulation of perceived recovery helps to improve perceived health, such as reducing illness or bad mood. In order to explore the relationships and mechanisms of environmental preferences, perceived restoration and perceived health, we constructed a path model across three conceptions, and a verified structure relation model using data from Fuzhou National Forest Park. We found that the corrected three dimensions (Coherence, Complexity and Mystery) can effectively predict environmental preferences, and Mystery best explains environmental preference. Being away, Extent, Fascination, and Compatibility can effectively reflect perceived restoration of the environment. Environmental preference has a significant positive influence on perceived restoration, perceived restoration has a significant positive influence on perceived health. The direct effect of environmental preference on perceived health is not significant, but there is indirect effect through the mediator of perceived restoration. Therefore, in the planning and design of the natural recreation areas, to achieve more health benefits the diverse needs of tourists at a landscape function should be considered, and mysterious, charming and diverse landscapes should be properly designed.
Table 1 Environmental preference matrix表1 环境偏好矩阵 |
理解行为 | 探索行为 | |
---|---|---|
马上能理解的信息 | 一致性(Coherence) | 复杂性(Complexity) |
需要进一步处理的信息 | 易读性(Legibility) | 神秘性(Mystery) |
Figure 1 A health benefit conceptual model of restorative perception of forest park tourists图1 森林公园游憩者恢复性评价的健康效益评估概念模型 |
Table 2 The test results of reliability, validity and confirmatory factor analysis of the hypothetical model表2 模型信度、效度及验证性因子分析结果 |
量表 | 测量指标 | 单项与总和相关性 | 标准化因子负荷 | t值 | AVE | 组合信度 | 可靠性系数Cronbach's α |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
环境偏好 | |||||||
一致性 | A1景观是连续的 | 0.646 | 0.711 | - | 0.487 | 0.734 | 0.717 |
A2景观是重复的 | 0.529 | 0.519 | 9.873 | ||||
A3景观层次分明 | 0.708 | 0.829 | 14.027 | ||||
易读性 | A4景观可以明确区分 | 0.635 | 0.659 | - | 0.315 | 0.573 | 0.585 |
A5不易迷失方向 | 0.462 | 0.432 | 8.045 | ||||
A6具有明显的标志物 | 0.593 | 0.570 | 9.455 | ||||
复杂性 | A7景观是错综复杂的 | 0.537 | 0.481 | - | 0.342 | 0.665 | 0.657 |
A8景观是丰富的 | 0.621 | 0.615 | 8.755 | ||||
A9没有规则及秩序的 | 0.519 | 0.434 | 7.280 | ||||
A10景观是变化多端的 | 0.726 | 0.754 | 9.711 | ||||
神秘性 | A11可以吸引人进一步探索 | 0.693 | 0.655 | - | 0.545 | 0.826 | 0.820 |
A12景观是迂回的 | 0.726 | 0.782 | 13.729 | ||||
A13景观是幽深和神秘的 | 0.655 | 0.714 | 12.307 | ||||
A14景观是新奇的 | 0.715 | 0.793 | 13.511 | ||||
恢复性评价 | |||||||
远离 | B1有一种脱离世俗的体验 | 0.782 | 0.826 | - | 0.641 | 0.900 | 0.899 |
B2可以脱离一成不变的日常生活而得到休息 | 0.795 | 0.825 | 20.943 | ||||
B3可以让我完全休息的地方 | 0.767 | 0.795 | 19.814 | ||||
B4可以帮助我放松紧绷的心情 | 0.725 | 0.759 | 18.432 | ||||
B5感觉到不受工作及日常生活所 拘束 | 0.765 | 0.796 | 20.181 | ||||
延展性 | B6周围的景物是协调一致的 | 0.698 | 0.725 | - | 0.599 | 0.856 | 0.856 |
B7我对于景物中看不见的景观感到相当好奇 | 0.715 | 0.761 | 15.893 | ||||
B8使我延伸出许多美好联想 | 0.771 | 0.821 | 16.710 | ||||
B9景观的组成元素是相配的 | 0.741 | 0.785 | 16.227 | ||||
魅力性 | B10具有吸引人的特质 | 0.730 | 0.748 | - | 0.551 | 0.831 | 0.827 |
B11可有更多的探索与发现 | 0.766 | 0.785 | 17.385 | ||||
B12这个环境是有魅力的 | 0.719 | 0.726 | 15.688 | ||||
B13想花更多的时间来观察 | 0.732 | 0.709 | 14.679 | ||||
兼容性 | B14可以从事我喜欢的活动 | 0.738 | 0.762 | - | 0.584 | 0.875 | 0.873 |
B15很快适应这样的场景 | 0.716 | 0.709 | 15.586 | ||||
B16感觉属于这里 | 0.733 | 0.729 | 16.025 | ||||
B17能找到自得其乐的方法 | 0.784 | 0.830 | 18.770 | ||||
B18想做的事情与环境一致 | 0.747 | 0.786 | 17.498 | ||||
健康效益评估 | C1可以消除疲劳 | 0.862 | 0.812 | - | 0.672 | 0.891 | 0.890 |
C2可以恢复活力 | 0.848 | 0.790 | 18.586 | ||||
C3可以镇定情绪 | 0.894 | 0.871 | 20.851 | ||||
C4可以集中注意力 | 0.867 | 0.803 | 19.094 |
Table 3 Goodness-of-fit indices of measurement model表3 测量模型拟合度检验 |
拟合指标 | χ2/df | RMSEA | GFI | IFI | NFI | CFI | TLI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
理想数值 | [1,3](宽松值[1,5]) | <0.1 | ≥0.9 | ≥0.9 | ≥0.9 | ≥0.9 | ≥0.9 |
修正后环境偏好模型 | 2.978 | 0.065 | 0.978 | 0.973 | 0.982 | 0.982 | 0.964 |
整体测量模型 | 3.949 | 0.079 | 0.914 | 0.927 | 0.930 | 0.947 | 0.937 |
Table 4 The test results of reliability, validity and confirmatory factor analysis of the revised environmental preference model表4 修正后的环境偏好模型信度、效度及验证性因子分析 |
环境偏好量表 | 测量指标 | 标准化因子 负荷 | t值 | AVE | 组合信度 | 可靠性系数Cronbach's α |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
一致性 | A1景观是连续的 | 0.713 | 12.282 | 0.597 | 0.748 | 0.717 |
A3景观层次分明 | 0.830 | - | ||||
复杂性 | A8景观是丰富的 | 0.596 | 10.614 | 0.517 | 0.676 | 0.655 |
A10景观是变化多端的 | 0.824 | - | ||||
神秘性 | A11可以吸引人进一步探索 | 0.767 | 13.055 | 0.590 | 0.852 | 0.820 |
A12景观是迂回的 | 0.733 | - | ||||
A13景观是幽深、神秘的 | 0.750 | 14.985 | ||||
A14景观是新奇的 | 0.820 | 16.051 |
Figure 2 The final structural model of health perception of restorative perception of forest park tourists图2 森林公园游憩者恢复性评价的健康效益评估最终概念模型 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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