基于标准样地的省级耕地质量监测样地布设方法——以内蒙古自治区为例
作者简介:张玉臻,女,山东潍坊市人,硕士生,研究方向为持续土地利用与土地评价。E-mail:zhangyuzhen66@126.com
收稿日期: 2016-06-14
要求修回日期: 2016-09-29
网络出版日期: 2016-11-16
基金资助
国土资源部公益性行业科研专项课题(201011006-3)
Layout method of monitoring samples of cultivated land at the provincial level based on standard plots in Inner Mongolia
Received date: 2016-06-14
Request revised date: 2016-09-29
Online published: 2016-11-16
Copyright
耕地质量是国家粮食安全的基础,科学布设耕地质量监测样地是支撑实时掌握国家耕地质量的关键技术环节。当前对耕地质量监测的研究主要集中在国家级和县级尺度,缺乏省级尺度。本文以内蒙古自治区为例,提出在省级标准样地基础上进行耕地监测样地数量和质量代表性两方面的优化,进而形成省级耕地质量监测布点的技术方法。本文运用最邻近点指数和面积代表性指数对标准样地的空间分布和数量进行分析和验证,结果表明,原144个标准样地在空间上呈均匀分布,但在数量上不能满足监测布样的要求;运用地统计学方法确定理论监测样地数量为194个;以“耕作制度二级区-土壤类型-地貌-土地利用现状”为基础,结合《中国土地资源图集》中的中国土地潜力分区图,将内蒙古划分为14个监测控制分区;依据“等别-监测分区”的控制顺序和优先选择标准样地的原则修正监测样地数量和确定其空间位置,最终确定省级监测样地数量为219个,其中标准样地124个,新增监测样地95个。依据本文提出的方法进行省级监测样地布设,一方面可以建立起省级尺度符合耕地质量空间变异特征的耕地质量监测布设样地体系,另一方面可以促进国家和县级耕地质量监测工作之间的衔接。
张玉臻 , 孔祥斌 , 刘炎 , 张蚌蚌 , 张青璞 , 王峰 , 李立强 , 魏利利 . 基于标准样地的省级耕地质量监测样地布设方法——以内蒙古自治区为例[J]. 资源科学, 2016 , 38(11) : 2037 -2048 . DOI: 10.18402/resci.2016.11.03
Food security depends on the quality and quantity of arable land. The implementation of dynamic balance of total amount of arable land has made a significant impact to the quantity of farmland,but less regarding the quality of cultivated land protection. Farmland quality monitoring includes three levels:national,provincial and county levels. At present,domestic research mostly focusses at the county scale and national level,and provincial level research for Inner Mongolia is lacking. Here we propose optimization of the quantity and quality of standard samples,and form a technical method for monitoring sample layout at the provincial level. Inner Mongolia setting 144 provincial standard samples,we verify standard sample number and spatial distribution using the nearest neighbor index and area representative index. The results show that the spatial distribution of the original standard samples is uniform,but the distribution of number does not meet monitoring requirements. The theoretical numbers of monitoring samples are 194 using the geo-statistical method. Based on ‘secondary zones-soil types-landscapes-land use status’ combined with the distribution of land resource potential,we analyze limiting factors of land use and divide the area into 14 monitoring zones. According to the principles of one monitoring sample in different monitoring partitions in one farmland gradation at least and area index,the number of monitoring samples is revised to 219,made up of 124 original standard samples and 95 new samples. Layout of provincial monitoring samples based on our method minimizes the cost to meet the requirements of provincial arable land quality monitoring and can build arable land quality monitoring systems at the provincial scale in line with spatial variability of farmland quality. This approach provides a scientific basis for the national implementation of cultivated land quality monitoring.
Figure 1 Monitoring samples layout method based on standard sample图1 基于标准样地的监测样地布设方法 |
Figure 2 Spatial distribution in secondary zone of national standard sample plot图2 标准样地在耕作制度二级区的分布 |
Table 1 Nearest point index spatial structure types in secondary zone表1 二级区最邻近点指数及空间结构类型 |
| 二级区名称 | 二级区代称 | 最邻近点指数D | 空间结构类型 | 面积/万hm2 | 标准样地数量/个 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 阿拉善高原区 | ALS | 6.21 | 均匀型 | 2.73 | 4 |
| 大小兴安岭山地区 | DXXAL | 4.64 | 均匀型 | 110.59 | 14 |
| 河套银川平原区 | HTYC | 2.38 | 均匀型 | 90.53 | 23 |
| 后山坝上高原区 | HSBS | 4.76 | 均匀型 | 144.93 | 40 |
| 辽吉西蒙东南冀北山地区 | LJXM | 2.99 | 均匀型 | 257.91 | 45 |
| 内蒙古草原区 | NMG | 4.70 | 均匀型 | 109.74 | 17 |
| 松嫩平原区 | SN | - | - | 23.74 | 1 |
| 全省 | - | 3.56 | 均匀型 | 740.37 | 144 |
Figure 3 Matching degree of number of standard sample and cultivated land area |
Table 2 Distribution of provincial standard sample in Inner Mongolia (万hm2,个) |
| 二级区 | 7等 | 8等 | 9等 | 10等 | 11等 | 12等 | 13等 | 14等 | 15等 | 合计 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 面积 | 数量 | 面积 | 数量 | 面积 | 数量 | 面积 | 数量 | 面积 | 数量 | 面积 | 数量 | 面积 | 数量 | 面积 | 数量 | 面积 | 数量 | 样本 总数 | |
| 阿拉善高原区 | - | - | - | - | 0.31 | - | 1.06 | 2 | 0.96 | 2 | 0.40 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4 |
| 大小兴安岭 山地区 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.76 | - | 5.52 | 2 | 28.5 | 4 | 75.81 | 8 | 14 |
| 河套银川平 原区 | 0.13 | - | 0.37 | 2 | 2.16 | 2 | 10.20 | 3 | 22.15 | 4 | 22.18 | 6 | 10.04 | 2 | 8.89 | 2 | 14.41 | 2 | 23 |
| 后山坝上高 原区 | 0.02 | 2 | 0.04 | - | 0.06 | 2 | 0.16 | 2 | 0.89 | 4 | 7.04 | 1 | 11.16 | 5 | 27.86 | 12 | 97.7 | 12 | 40 |
| 辽吉西蒙东南 冀北山地区 | - | - | - | - | 0.21 | 2 | 0.13 | - | 1.17 | 1 | 17.40 | 3 | 22.30 | 13 | 47.70 | 14 | 169 | 12 | 45 |
| 内蒙古草原区 | - | - | 0.15 | - | 0.02 | - | 0 | - | 0.03 | - | 1.94 | 3 | 28.30 | 2 | 15.60 | 3 | 63.7 | 9 | 17 |
| 松嫩平原区 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.01 | - | 7.31 | - | 16.62 | 1 | 1 |
| 总计 | 0.15 | 2 | 0.56 | 2 | 2.76 | 6 | 11.50 | 7 | 25.20 | 11 | 49.70 | 13 | 77.30 | 24 | 136 | 35 | 437 | 44 | 144 |
注:二级区名称见表1。 |
Table 3 Quantitative opimization of monitoring sample表3 监测样地数量优化 |
| 依据不同耕地质量等指数确定样本量 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 自然等 指数 | 利用等 指数 | 经济等 指数 | |
| 总样本量/个 | 4 121 | 4 121 | 4 121 |
| 标准差 | 519 | 263 | 278 |
| 均值 | 1 303.7 | 610.9 | 572.5 |
| 1.96 | 1.96 | 1.96 | |
| 相对误差/% | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| 243.53 | 284.80 | 362.34 | |
| 传统简单随机抽样样本 | 229.94 | 266.39 | 333.05 |
| MORAN’s I | 0.71 | 0.59 | 0.42 |
| 显著性区间/% | >99 | >99 | >99 |
| 校正后监测样地数量 (取整)/个 | 67 | 110 | 194 |
Figure 4 Distribution of monitoring zone in Inner Mongolia图4 内蒙古自治区监测分区分布 |
Table 4 Adjusted number of monitoring samples表4 监测样地数量修正 |
| 耕地等别 | 监测分区数量 /个 | 耕地面积 /万hm2 | 面积比例 /% | 合理数量 /个 | 修正数量 /个 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7 | 2 | 0.15 | 0.02 | 0 | 2 |
| 8 | 5 | 0.56 | 0.08 | 0 | 5 |
| 9 | 6 | 2.76 | 0.37 | 1 | 6 |
| 10 | 11 | 11.50 | 1.55 | 3 | 11 |
| 11 | 11 | 25.20 | 3.40 | 7 | 11 |
| 12 | 14 | 49.70 | 6.71 | 13 | 14 |
| 13 | 14 | 77.30 | 10.44 | 20 | 20 |
| 14 | 14 | 136.00 | 18.37 | 35 | 35 |
| 15 | 14 | 437.00 | 59.04 | 115 | 115 |
| 总计 | 14 | 740.17 | 100.00 | 194 | 219 |
Figure 5 Spatial distribution of monitoring sample图5 监测样地空间分布 |
Table 5 Distribution of monitoring sample in monitoring zone表5 监测分区内监测样地分布 |
| 监测控制区编号 | 名称 | 面积比例 /% | 实际样本量 /个 | 保留标准样地 /个 | 新增监测样地 /个 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| J-01 | 阿拉善高原-多限制因素区 | 0.12 | 4 | 4 | 0 |
| J-02 | 东北及松嫩平原-较少限制区 | 7.35 | 15 | 4 | 11 |
| J-03 | 东北-坡度限制区 | 8.02 | 23 | 10 | 13 |
| J-04 | 河套银川平原-坡度与侵蚀限制区 | 5.50 | 12 | 9 | 2 |
| J-05 | 河套银川平原-盐碱限制区 | 7.53 | 13 | 10 | 3 |
| J-06 | 后山坝上高原-坡度侵蚀限制区 | 10.80 | 23 | 11 | 12 |
| J-07 | 后山坝上高原-水分限制区 | 10.35 | 10 | 9 | 1 |
| J-08 | 后山坝上高原-土质限制区 | 1.49 | 13 | 10 | 3 |
| J-09 | 辽吉西蒙东南冀北山地-坡度与土质限制区 | 24.70 | 54 | 26 | 29 |
| J-10 | 辽吉西蒙东南冀北山地-轻微土质限制区 | 13.10 | 18 | 10 | 8 |
| J-11 | 内蒙古草原-水分土质限制区 | 8.72 | 18 | 11 | 7 |
| J-12 | 内蒙古草原-土质限制区 | 0.86 | 8 | 5 | 3 |
| J-13 | 内蒙古草原-水分限制区 | 0.37 | 5 | 3 | 2 |
| J-14 | 内蒙古草原-多种限制因素区 | 1.09 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| 总计 | - | 100 | 219 | 124 | 95 |
Table 6 The attribute of monitoring sample in J-O4表6 J-O4 监测样地属性 |
| 监测分区 | 类别 | 监测样地序号 | 标准样地序号 | 利用等别 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 河套银川平原 | 标准样地 | JCYD-89 | SJ-123 | 14 |
| 坡度与侵蚀 | JCYD-90 | SJ-124 | 12 | |
| 限制区 | JCYD-91 | GJJ-125 | 8 | |
| JCYD-96 | GJJ-128 | 13 | ||
| JCYD-99 | GJJ-136 | 12 | ||
| JCYD-100 | SJ-137 | 11 | ||
| JCYD-101 | SJ-138 | 12 | ||
| JCYD-104 | GJJ-84 | 10 | ||
| JCYD-108 | SJ-129 | 13 | ||
| 新增监测 | JCYD-103 | - | 14 | |
| 样地 | JCYD-146 | - | 15 | |
| JCYD-147 | - | 15 |
Figure 6 The representative index K of monitoring sample in secondary zone图6 二级区内监测样地代表性指数K 注:二级区名称见表1。 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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