资源环境承载力评价方法回顾与展望

doi:10.18402/resci.2018.04.01

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中国经济的快速发展导致资源大量消耗和环境污染加剧,资源环境承载力研究成为热点。本文对国内外资源环境承载力相关研究进行了系统的回顾,以人口总量为出口界定了资源环境承载力概念,在此基础上对资源环境承载力评价方法研究进行了展望,总结分析了资源环境承载力评价方法存在的不足。研究认为：目前对资源环境承载力认知并未统一,评价方法也存在差异;研究侧重单要素评价,而对资源环境要素与社会经济要素的相互作用机理、区域资源环境承载力综合评价研究较为薄弱;在开放的系统下如何剥离要素流动导致的资源环境压力转移,率定社会经济系统对当地资源环境压力,透析区域资源环境承载力并提供可操作的政策建议有待进一步深化。为此,将区域社会经济同人口、资源、生态环境予以集成,开展综合评价的理论方法研究具有重要意义。

关键词: 资源环境承载力, 承载状态, 评价方法, 约束因素, 社会经济, 回顾

Abstract:

China is now experiencing increasing resource consumption and environmental deterioration because of rapid economic development and urbanization. Research on resources and environmental capacity is becoming focused. Here we systematically reviewed and analyzed research in China and abroad, focusing on evaluation methods. Based on research gaps, it could be drawn that there is no generally accepted definition or consensus of resource and environmental capacity, which leads to differences in methodologies and conclusions. The maximum population, ecological footprint, and emergy are often used methodologies to evaluate regional resources and environmental capacity taking ecological system and socio-economic system as a black box. There is a lack of research into interaction mechanisms between them, and political implications are weak. These methods are not suitable to evaluate carrying capacity at regional scales. Research integrating regional economy, population, resources and the ecological environment remains to be furthered in relation to both theories and techniques. Defining resources and environmental capacity using the maximum number of populations that can be carried as indicator, we discussed the dimension of resources and environmental capacity and developed an evaluation process. According to this process, determining factors and socio-economic influencing factors as well as the interaction mechanism of them need to be identified first, then to evaluate the carrying capacity of each socio-economic factors, and comprehensive regional resource and environmental capacity based on mutual restraint of these factors. The evaluation of resources and environmental capacity requires much future work.

Key words: resources and environmental carrying capacity, carrying status, evaluating methods, constraint factors, social economy, review

牛方曲, 封志明, 刘慧. 资源环境承载力评价方法回顾与展望[J]. 资源科学, 2018, 40(4): 655-663.

Fangqu NIU, Zhiming FENG, Hui LIU. A review on evaluating methods of regional resources and environment carrying capacity[J]. Resources Science, 2018, 40(4): 655-663.

图/表 1

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