增加控制变量 | 替换权重矩阵 | 剔除首尾年份 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(1) PCR | (2) SEI | (3) CEI | (4) PCR | (5) SEI | (6) CEI | (7) PCR | (8) SEI | (9) CEI | |||
直接效应 | -0.053*** | -0.030*** | -0.012* | -0.056*** | -0.031*** | -0.012* | -0.063*** | -0.038*** | -0.016** | ||
(0.010) | (0.005) | (0.007) | (0.011) | (0.006) | (0.007) | (0.011) | (0.006) | (0.007) | |||
间接效应 | -0.363*** | -0.184*** | -0.090* | -0.205*** | -0.076*** | -0.117** | -0.372*** | -0.259*** | -0.206** | ||
(0.070) | (0.037) | (0.054) | (0.056) | (0.024) | (0.051) | (0.097) | (0.063) | (0.091) | |||
总效应 | -0.416*** | -0.214*** | -0.102* | -0.261*** | -0.107*** | -0.130** | -0.435*** | -0.296*** | -0.221** | ||
(0.072) | (0.038) | (0.055) | (0.057) | (0.024) | (0.052) | (0.101) | (0.065) | (0.094) |