Spatiotemporal heterogeneity and sources of electricity technology innovation in China
Received date: 2023-03-01
Revised date: 2023-05-19
Online published: 2023-09-12
[Objective] Electric technology innovation is the key to promote energy technology revolution. This study aimed to clarify the strategic orientation of the electric technology innovation in China and examine its spatiotemporal pattern and sources, to provide a scientific evidence for accelerating China’s electric technology innovation. [Methods] Based on the statistical data of H02 patents, this study evaluated the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of China’s electric technology innovation by constructing an absolute index, a relative index, and structural specialization coefficient. It analyzed the sources of the spatial differentiation of electric technology innovation from two dimensions of space and patent structure by using the Dagum Gini index and variance decomposition. [Results] The results show that: (1) The level of electric technology innovation showed an upward trend, and it decreased from the east to the west. The innovation capacity was mainly concentrated in the shape, structure, and application of electric products. (2) The spatial differentiation degree of the invention patent specialization coefficient was larger than that of the utility model patent, and the number of regions belonging to the utility model patent specialization category was more than that of the invention patent specialization category. (3) Compared with intraregional variation and superimposed over density, the interregional variation had a greater driving effect on the spatial differentiation of electric technology innovation. The utility model patents had a stronger driving effect on the spatial differentiation of electric technology innovation, while invention patents had the opposite effect. [Conclusion] This study contributes to coordinate the balanced development of regional electric technology innovation and explore the effective ways to improve the level of electric technology innovation.
GUANG Fengtao , LI Lin , LU Xiaodan . Spatiotemporal heterogeneity and sources of electricity technology innovation in China[J]. Resources Science, 2023 , 45(7) : 1324 -1334 . DOI: 10.18402/resci.2023.07.04
表1 H02类专利的分类及定义Table 1 Classification and definition of H02 patents |
| 分类号 | 定义 |
|---|---|
| H02B | 供电或配电用的配电盘、变电站或开关装置 |
| H02G | 电缆或电线的安装,或光电组合电缆或电线的安装 |
| H02H | 紧急保护电路装置 |
| H02J | 供电或配电的电路装置或系统;电能存储系统 |
| H02K | 电机(电动继电器入H01H 53/00;直流或交流电力输入变换为浪涌电力输出入H02M 9/00) |
| H02M | 用于电功率变换的电路或装置,或用于控制或调节此种电路或装置的设备 |
| H02N | 其他类目不包含的电机 |
| H02P | 电动机、发电机或机电变换器的控制或调节;控制变压器、电抗器或扼流圈 |
| H02S | 由红外线辐射、可见光或紫外光转换产生电能,如使用光伏(PV)模块 |
表2 依据结构特化系数的地区分类结果Table 2 Results of regional classification based on structural specialization coefficient |
| 发明专利特化类 | 实用新型专利特化类 |
|---|---|
| 北京、辽宁、吉林、黑龙江、上海、江苏、安徽、湖北、湖南、广西、四川、陕西 | 天津、河北、山西、内蒙古、浙江、福建、江西、山东、河南、广东、海南、重庆、贵州、云南、甘肃、青海、宁夏、新疆 |
表3 2001—2020年中国电力技术创新产出的基尼系数及其空间分解Table 3 Gini index and spatial decomposition of China’s electric technology innovation output, 2001-2020 |
| 年份 | G | 区域内基尼系数 | 区域间基尼系数 | 贡献率/% | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 东部 | 西部 | 中部 | 东-西 | 东-中 | 中-西 | Gw | Gb | G1 | ||||
| 2001 | 0.5745 | 0.4764 | 0.2417 | 0.1554 | 0.7542 | 0.6118 | 0.3119 | 31.05 | 67.95 | 1.00 | ||
| 2002 | 0.6172 | 0.5097 | 0.3802 | 0.2224 | 0.7869 | 0.6512 | 0.3897 | 32.05 | 65.43 | 2.52 | ||
| 2003 | 0.6054 | 0.5043 | 0.2743 | 0.1830 | 0.7543 | 0.7082 | 0.2540 | 31.85 | 64.83 | 3.32 | ||
| 2004 | 0.6244 | 0.5247 | 0.3894 | 0.2267 | 0.7599 | 0.7133 | 0.3334 | 32.85 | 62.53 | 4.62 | ||
| 2005 | 0.6475 | 0.5143 | 0.3685 | 0.2006 | 0.7982 | 0.7644 | 0.3290 | 31.60 | 65.36 | 3.05 | ||
| 2006 | 0.6234 | 0.5224 | 0.2976 | 0.1627 | 0.7815 | 0.6998 | 0.3029 | 32.15 | 64.85 | 3.01 | ||
| 2007 | 0.6229 | 0.5114 | 0.3579 | 0.1440 | 0.7802 | 0.7045 | 0.3187 | 31.89 | 65.00 | 3.11 | ||
| 2008 | 0.6156 | 0.5233 | 0.3010 | 0.1290 | 0.7711 | 0.6908 | 0.2799 | 32.37 | 64.54 | 3.09 | ||
| 2009 | 0.6046 | 0.4954 | 0.3892 | 0.1310 | 0.7717 | 0.6580 | 0.3621 | 31.52 | 64.56 | 3.93 | ||
| 2010 | 0.5768 | 0.4787 | 0.3942 | 0.1969 | 0.7251 | 0.6343 | 0.3657 | 31.76 | 61.43 | 6.81 | ||
| 2011 | 0.5713 | 0.4639 | 0.4616 | 0.2057 | 0.7172 | 0.6156 | 0.4208 | 31.58 | 60.33 | 8.09 | ||
| 2012 | 0.5516 | 0.4608 | 0.4445 | 0.2361 | 0.6769 | 0.6034 | 0.3977 | 32.29 | 57.33 | 10.38 | ||
| 2013 | 0.6119 | 0.5588 | 0.3969 | 0.2566 | 0.7189 | 0.6788 | 0.3600 | 34.72 | 56.77 | 8.51 | ||
| 2014 | 0.6039 | 0.5612 | 0.3567 | 0.2447 | 0.7160 | 0.6595 | 0.3375 | 34.82 | 57.59 | 7.59 | ||
| 2015 | 0.5454 | 0.4825 | 0.3441 | 0.2284 | 0.6651 | 0.6136 | 0.3138 | 32.96 | 58.20 | 8.83 | ||
| 2016 | 0.5156 | 0.4451 | 0.2827 | 0.2428 | 0.6521 | 0.5763 | 0.3019 | 31.48 | 59.64 | 8.87 | ||
| 2017 | 0.4890 | 0.4263 | 0.2566 | 0.2468 | 0.6162 | 0.5586 | 0.2827 | 31.24 | 58.14 | 10.61 | ||
| 2018 | 0.4918 | 0.4318 | 0.2222 | 0.2498 | 0.6293 | 0.5503 | 0.2794 | 31.10 | 60.10 | 8.80 | ||
| 2019 | 0.4657 | 0.4046 | 0.2296 | 0.1793 | 0.6012 | 0.5304 | 0.2427 | 30.71 | 61.78 | 7.51 | ||
| 2020 | 0.4295 | 0.3664 | 0.2175 | 0.1764 | 0.5680 | 0.4754 | 0.2443 | 29.95 | 63.72 | 6.33 | ||
| 均值 | 0.5694 | 0.4831 | 0.3303 | 0.2009 | 0.7122 | 0.6349 | 0.3214 | 32.07 | 62.12 | 5.82 | ||
表4 2001—2020年不同电力技术创新产出类别对空间 分异的要素贡献 (%)Table 4 Factor contribution of different electric technology innovation output categories to the spatial differentiation, 2001-2020 (%) |
| 年份 | 发明专利 | 实用新型专利 |
|---|---|---|
| 2001 | 54.25 | 45.75 |
| 2002 | 48.44 | 51.56 |
| 2003 | 47.32 | 52.68 |
| 2004 | 57.36 | 42.64 |
| 2005 | 48.55 | 51.45 |
| 2006 | 48.19 | 51.81 |
| 2007 | 46.89 | 53.11 |
| 2008 | 47.53 | 52.47 |
| 2009 | 43.54 | 56.46 |
| 2010 | 44.00 | 56.00 |
| 2011 | 41.64 | 58.36 |
| 2012 | 42.23 | 57.77 |
| 2013 | 44.22 | 55.78 |
| 2014 | 46.34 | 53.66 |
| 2015 | 46.07 | 53.93 |
| 2016 | 46.46 | 53.54 |
| 2017 | 44.04 | 55.96 |
| 2018 | 44.13 | 55.87 |
| 2019 | 39.30 | 60.70 |
| 2020 | 33.29 | 66.71 |
| 均值 | 45.69 | 54.31 |
表5 基尼系数与专利类别来源的相关性Table 5 Correlation between the Gini index and the patent categories |
| 项目 | 发明专利 | 实用新型专利 |
|---|---|---|
| 基尼系数 | ( =0.843) | ( =0.876) |
| 区域内差距 | ( =0.683) | ( =0.752) |
| 区域间差距 | ( =0.882) | ( =0.809) |
| 超变密度 | ( =0.306) | ( =0.175) |
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