Impact of climate change on China’s offshore fishing: Taking the Pacific Decadal Oscillation as an example
Received date: 2021-08-23
Request revised date: 2021-11-06
Online published: 2022-04-13
The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) is the most prominent form of decadal variability over the North Pacific, characterized by its horseshoe-shaped sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly pattern. The PDO exerts a substantial influence on marine ecosystems, fisheries, and agriculture. Based on empirical orthogonal function, lagged correlation, regression, and empirical mode decomposition, we analyzed the relationship between the catch fluctuations of four major economic species (Larimichthys polyactis, Trichiurus lepturus, Pampus argenteus, and Scomberomorus niphoius) in China’s exclusive economic zone and PDO variability in recent 50 years. The results show that the lagged-correlations between the four fish catches in the Bohai and Yellow Seas and the East China Sea and PDO are consistent, reaching the largest negative coefficient in simultaneous correlation. However, the South China Sea is different from other sea areas and has a poor correlation with PDO. The influence of PDO variability on the catch is mainly concentrated in the decadal scale with a 10-20 years decadal cycle, and the influence is more significant in the phase transition period of PDO. Further studies show that PDO variability could affect the fluctuation of fish catch by causing significant changes in SST and chlorophyll. Specifically, when PDO is in the negative (warm) phase, the SST warming and chlorophyll increase will occur in offshore China, and such suitable SST and improvement of marine primary productivity will increase the fish catch. Combined with the current situation and characteristics of China’s marine fishery development, this article also puts forward suggestions for the development and utilization of fishery resources, from the aspects of research and prediction of climate change and formulation and improvement of fishery regulations and laws.
XU Ce , ZHANG Li , YU Jing , ZHANG Ying . Impact of climate change on China’s offshore fishing: Taking the Pacific Decadal Oscillation as an example[J]. Resources Science, 2022 , 44(2) : 386 -400 . DOI: 10.18402/resci.2022.02.14
图1 1950—2018年中国近海4种经济鱼种渔获量Figure 1 Catches of four economic fishe species in China’s exclusive economic zone, 1950-2018 |
表1 1950—2018年中国近海4种经济鱼种渔获量数据信度Table 1 Reliability scores on catches of four economic fishes in China’s exclusive economic zone, 1950-2018 |
| 年代 | 数据信度 |
|---|---|
| 1950s | 1.07/1.10 |
| 1960s | 1.11/1.14/1.16 |
| 1970s | 2.02/2.08 |
| 1980s | 2.10/2.15/2.20 |
| 1990s | 2.27/2.44 |
| 2000s | 2.53/2.52/2.53 |
| 2010s | 1.58/1.57 |
注:4=最高可信度,1=最低可信度。 |
图2 1870—2018年PDO空间特征场(a)和1971—2018年PDO指数与中国近海4种经济鱼种获量变化(b)注:图b蓝色柱图表示PDO时间特征序列第一主成分PC1,4条彩色曲线表示标准化和去除线性趋势的4种渔获量变化。 Figure 2 Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) pattern in 1870-2018 (a); and PDO index and catches of four economic fish species in China’s exclusive economic zone in 1971-2018 (b) |
图4 对1870—2018年PDO指数(a)和1971—2018年渤黄东海区渔获量(b-e)进行EMD获得的本征模态函数Figure 4 Intrinsic mode function (IMF) components of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index in 1870-2018 (a) and catches in the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea in 1971-2018 (b-e) derived from empirical mode decomposition (EMD) |
表2 1950—2018年ENSO和10年滑动平均PDO与渔获量的同期相关Table 2 Simultaneous correlation between El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and 10-year running-mean Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and catches, 1950-2018 |
| ENSO与渔获量 | 滑动平均PDO与渔获量 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 渤黄海 | 东海 | 渤黄海 | 东海 | ||
| 小黄鱼 | -0.12 | -0.11 | -0.75* | -0.72* | |
| 带鱼 | -0.14 | -0.14 | -0.59* | -0.53* | |
| 银鲳 | -0.12 | -0.11 | -0.67* | -0.64* | |
| 蓝点马鲛 | -0.10 | -0.10 | -0.60* | -0.57* | |
注:*表示通过95%置信度检验。 |
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