Contributions of climatic variation and human activities to streamflow changes in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin
Received date: 2021-05-13
Request revised date: 2021-08-25
Online published: 2022-02-25
As a cross-border river that connects six countries, the streamflow changes of the Lancang-Mekong River Basin (LMRB) are closely related to the socioeconomic development and production and life style of the countries in this basin. In order to systematically understand the changes of surface water resources in the LMRB, this study analyzed the trend and abrupt change characteristics of streamflow and quantitatively determined the influence of climate and human activities on streamflow in the basin based on the streamflow and meteorological data from 1961 to 2015. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) At the annual scale, the streamflow of the Jiuzhou Station didn’t show a significant trend from 1961-2010. However, there was a significant decreasing trend at the Yunjinghong Station from 1961-2014. The average streamflow of the Vientiane Station and the Stung Treng Station both showed a trend from decline to rise. At the seasonal scale, the variation trend of streamflow was consistent with that at the annual scale in both the dry and rainy seasons. The variation range of streamflow was small in the dry season but large in the rainy season. (2) The main period of abrupt change occurred in 1998-2000, so the streamflow change period of the four areas (Jiuzhou above, Jiuzhou-Yunjinghong, Yunjinghong-Vientiane, and Vientiane-Stung Treng basins) was divided into before and after 2000. (3) The impact of climate change on streamflow in the LMRB decreased from the upper reaches to the lower reaches (except the delta region) and the impact of human activities increased gradually. The impact of human activities on streamflow in the dry season was greater than that in the rainy season. The variation of streamflow was mainly affected by precipitation in the LMRB while the streamflow at the Stung Treng Station was mainly affected by human activities after 2000.
LI Renzhi , HUANG Heqing , YU Guoan , YU Hong . Contributions of climatic variation and human activities to streamflow changes in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin[J]. Resources Science, 2021 , 43(12) : 2428 -2441 . DOI: 10.18402/resci.2021.12.06
表1 敏感性分类Table 1 Sensitivity classification |
| 分类等级 | 敏感度划分范围 | 敏感分类 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.00≤∣GSj∣<0.05 | 不敏感 |
| 2 | 0.05≤∣GSj∣<0.20 | 一般敏感 |
| 3 | 0.20≤∣GSj∣<1.00 | 敏感 |
| 4 | 1.00≤∣GSj∣ | 极敏感 |
图5 1961—2015年澜湄流域水文站径流和区域降雨年际变化Figure 5 Variations of annual streamflow and precipitation in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin, 1961-2015 |
表2 澜湄流域水文气象要素Mann-Kendall趋势检测结果Table 2 Trend test results for the hydro-climatic factors in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin |
| 区域 | 时间 尺度 | 径流 | 降雨 | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 基准期 | 变化期A | 变化期B | 基准期 | 变化期A | 变化期B | ||||||||||||
| Z值 | 趋势 | Z值 | 趋势 | Z值 | 趋势 | Z值 | 趋势 | Z值 | 趋势 | Z值 | 趋势 | ||||||
| 旧州 以上 区域 | 年际 | -1.07 | -3.3 | +0.37 | 1.57 | -1.66* | -6.96 | -0.22 | -8.00 | +0.12 | 3.47 | -2.26** | -91.39 | ||||
| 旱季 | -0.55 | -0.81 | +1.36 | 0.48 | -1.40 | -0.67 | +1.91 | 14.40 | +0.70 | 8.41 | +0.18 | 7.80 | |||||
| 雨季 | -0.81 | -3.34 | +0.37 | 1.11 | -1.65* | -6.41 | -0.29 | -21.15 | +0.04 | -4.94 | -2.87** | -99.19 | |||||
| 旧允 区域 | 年际 | -1.46 | -4.64 | +0.99 | 5.73 | -2.52** | -13.56 | -1.2 | -35.88 | +1.98** | 78.27 | -2.41** | -133.81 | ||||
| 旱季 | -0.98 | -0.50 | +0.69 | 0.93 | -0.99 | -1.35 | -0.29 | -7.29 | 0.00 | 3.74 | -0.88 | -19.33 | |||||
| 雨季 | -1.20 | -4.17 | +0.89 | 4.90 | -0.88 | -3.27 | -0.94 | -28.59 | +1.68* | 74.53 | -2.08** | -114.48 | |||||
| 允万 区域 | 年际 | -0.49 | -3.23 | +1.64 | 20.95 | -0.90 | -80.51 | +0.55 | 50.45 | +0.99 | 143.61 | -0.30 | -92.65 | ||||
| 旱季 | -1.65* | -2.87 | +0.66 | 1.73 | -1.80* | -14.87 | +0.36 | 1.93 | +0.33 | 26.09 | 0.00 | 38.57 | |||||
| 雨季 | -0.42 | -0.36 | +1.86* | 19.22 | -1.20 | -65.64 | +0.49 | 48.55 | +0.99 | 117.52 | -0.60 | -131.22 | |||||
| 万上 区域 | 年际 | -1.72* | -31.87 | +1.09 | 54.66 | -0.86 | -32.95 | +1.01 | 18.60 | +1.31 | 130.97 | -0.77 | -108.89 | ||||
| 旱季 | -1.33 | -4.69 | +1.65* | 17.18 | -0.41 | -2.04 | +0.03 | 4.11 | +2.19** | 117.17 | +0.50 | 10.07 | |||||
| 雨季 | -1.52 | -27.19 | +0.66 | 37.48 | -0.99 | -30.91 | +0.23 | 14.49 | 0.00 | 13.80 | -1.13 | -118.95 | |||||
注:*、**分别表示通过0.10和0.05水平显著性检验。降雨量变化趋势单位为mm/10 a,径流量变化趋势单位为109 m3/10 a。 |
图6 1961—2015年澜湄流域旱季水文站径流和区域降雨变化Figure 6 Variations of annual streamflow and precipitation during the dry season in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin, 1961-2015 |
图8 SWAT模型对4个水文站1964—2015年月流量的率定和验证Figure 8 Calibration and validation results of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model for the monthly average streamflow at four hydrological stations based on the flow data measured during 1964-2015 in line with the monthly average precipitation |
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