Impact of the “National Comprehensive Reform Zone for Resource-Based Economy” policy on carbon emissions: A case study of Shanxi Province
Received date: 2020-06-02
Request revised date: 2020-11-03
Online published: 2021-08-25
Low-carbon development has become the main theme of economic and social development in China in the new era. In the process of economic transformation of resource-based economy of Shanxi Province, reducing carbon emissions and enhancing sustainability are the foundation for the transition to high-quality development. Based on the panel data of Shanxi Province from 2004 to 2017, this study employed the synthetic control method to study the effect of the “Comprehensive Reform Zone” policy on carbon emissions. A mediating effect model was also established to investigate the key influencing factors and mechanism of influence. The results show that: (1) The reform policy of resource-based economy can effectively restrain the increase of carbon emissions in Shanxi Province. During the study period, compared with the carbon emission increase of 135.5% in the synthetically modeled result of Shanxi Province, affected by the policy, the actual carbon emissions in the province only increased by 89.6%, reducing carbon emissions by 6.55×107 tons in total. (2) In the short term after the policy is implemented, environmental regulation and industrial structure upgrading both have effectively reduced carbon emissions at the 5% significance level. Environmental regulation played a mediating role while industrial structure upgrading functioned as a direct driving factor. (3) In the short term, financial development and technological innovation have increased the carbon emissions at the significance level of 10% and 5%, respectively. The results show that the policy of comprehensive reform zone has contributed to the low-carbon development of Shanxi Province by strengthening regulation and industrial transformation. However, it is still necessary to further consider the implications of financial development and scientific and technological innovations.
YU Zhihan , FANG Dan , YANG Jin . Impact of the “National Comprehensive Reform Zone for Resource-Based Economy” policy on carbon emissions: A case study of Shanxi Province[J]. Resources Science, 2021 , 43(6) : 1178 -1192 . DOI: 10.18402/resci.2021.06.10
表1 能源平均低位发热量与CO2排放系数Table 1 Average low calorific value of energy and coefficients of carbon dioxide emissions |
| 能源名称 | 煤炭 | 焦炭 | 原油 | 汽油 | 煤油 | 柴油 | 燃料油 | 天然气 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCV/(kJ/kg) | 20908 | 28435 | 41816 | 43070 | 43070 | 42652 | 41816 | 38931 |
| CEF/(kg/TJ) | 95977 | 105996 | 73333 | 70033 | 71500 | 74067 | 77367 | 56100 |
表2 预测变量实际值与合成值的对比Table 2 Comparison between actual and synthetic values of predictive variables |
| 预测变量 | 单位 | 山西实际数据 | 山西合成数据 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pgdp | 元 | 17273.71 | 19939.93 |
| Ind | % | 0.50 | 0.46 |
| Urban | % | 0.441 | 0.44 |
| Inc | 元 | 22088.71 | 21946.96 |
| Pop | 万人 | 3410.00 | 4804.10 |
| Carbon(2009年) | 万t | 42392.33 | 42341.09 |
| Carbon(2007年) | 万t | 38685.78 | 38378.91 |
| Carbon(2005年) | 万t | 32309.71 | 32997.90 |
表3 环境规制的多元回归结果Table 3 Multiple regression results of environmental regulation |
| 模型1 | 模型2 | 模型3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| -9.34e-02*** | 66.00*** | -9.01e-02*** | |
| (0.03) | (17.10) | (0.02) | |
| 1.71e-05*** | 1.89e-05*** | ||
| (5.16e-06) | (4.24e-06) | ||
| 1.29*** | 0.96*** | ||
| (0.30) | (0.27) | ||
| 0.05*** | 0.06*** | ||
| (0.014) | (0.012) | ||
| -8.45e-06* | -1.26e-05*** | ||
| (4.70e-06) | (4.02e-06) | ||
| -2.82e-04*** | -3.03e-04*** | ||
| (3.12e-05) | (2.62e-05) | ||
| 73.28** | |||
| (28.46) | |||
| Sulfur | -1.52e-04*** | ||
| (3.68e-05) | |||
| 44.77* | |||
| (22.49) | |||
| -6.15e-04*** | |||
| (1.81e-04) | |||
| 8.35*** | -272.00 | 8.19*** | |
| (0.68) | (205.30) | (0.56) | |
| 28 | 28 | 28 | |
| Adj R2 | 0.99 | 0.68 | 0.99 |
注:***、**、* 在本文中均分别表示在1%、5%、10%水平上显著相关,下同。 |
表4 金融发展的多元回归结果Table 4 Multiple regression results of financial development |
| 模型1 | 模型2 | 模型3 | 模型4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| -0.09*** | 0.79*** | -0.09*** | 0.13 | |
| (0.03) | (0.18) | (0.03) | (0.09) | |
| 1.71e-05*** | 1.04e-06 | 1.53e-05*** | -1.66e-05** | |
| (5.16e-06) | (1.10e-05) | (4.96e-06) | (6.83e-06) | |
| 1.29*** | 1.75*** | |||
| (0.30) | (0.37) | |||
| 0.05*** | 0.06*** | |||
| (0.01) | (0.01) | |||
| -8.45e-06* | -1.25e-05** | |||
| (4.70e-06) | (4.93e-06) | |||
| -2.82e-04*** | -1.88e-04*** | |||
| (3.12e-05) | (5.80e-05) | |||
| 0.83 | -0.05 | |||
| (0.57) | (0.15) | |||
| 0.10* | ||||
| (0.06) | ||||
| 8.35*** | 1.87*** | 7.26*** | 0.91*** | |
| (0.68) | (0.26) | (0.87) | (0.09) | |
| 28 | 28 | 28 | 24 | |
| Adj R2 | 0.99 | 0.58 | 0.99 | 0.83 |
表5 绿色金融的Sboel检验结果Table 5 Sboel text results of green finance |
| Coef | Std Err | z | P>|z| |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.20 | 0.84 |
表6 技术创新的多元回归结果Table 6 Multiple regression results of technological innovation |
| 模型1 | 模型2 | 模型3 | 模型4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| -0.090*** | 0.14* | -0.14*** | 0.07 | |
| (0.03) | (0.08) | (0.02) | (0.14) | |
| 1.71e-05*** | 2.22e-05** | 8.72e-06** | ||
| (5.16e-06) | (9.57e-06) | (4.00e-06) | ||
| 1.29*** | 1.37*** | -2.64e-06 | ||
| (0.30) | (0.21) | (1.63e-05) | ||
| 0.05*** | 0.05*** | |||
| (0.0141) | (9.9e-03) | |||
| -8.45e-06* | -1.22e-05*** | |||
| (4.70e-06) | (3.37e-06) | |||
| -2.82e-04*** | -2.75e-04*** | |||
| (3.12e-05) | (2.18e-05) | |||
| 3.49-03 | 1.62*** | |||
| (3.35e-03) | (0.43) | |||
| 0.96*** | 9.76e-03 | |||
| (0.25) | (0.00572) | |||
| 0.23*** | ||||
| (0.05) | ||||
| 8.35*** | -2.37 | 6.95*** | -11.26** | |
| (0.68) | (2.36) | (0.56) | (4.02) | |
| 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | |
| Adj R2 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 0.99 | 0.97 |
表7 绿色技术创新的多元回归结果Table 7 Multiple regression results of green technological innovation |
| Coef | Std Err | z | P>|z| |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.00 | 0.18 | 0.56 | 0.95 |
表8 产业结构升级的多元回归结果Table 8 Multiple regression results of industrial structure upgrading |
| 模型1 | 模型2 | 模型3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| -0.09*** | 0.11*** | -0.17*** | |
| (0.03) | (0.02) | (0.03) | |
| 1.71e-05*** | 2.79e-07 | 1.26e-05** | |
| (5.16e-06) | (1.52e-06) | (4.64e-06) | |
| 1.29*** | 0.14 | ||
| (0.30) | (0.46) | ||
| 0.05*** | 0.09*** | ||
| (0.01) | (0.02) | ||
| -8.45e-06* | -1.43e-05*** | ||
| (4.70e-06) | (4.46e-06) | ||
| -2.82e-04*** | -4.56e-04*** | ||
| (3.12e-05) | (6.38e-05) | ||
| 0.06 | |||
| (0.08) | |||
| -2.10*** | |||
| (0.70) | |||
| 8.35*** | 2.23*** | 12.62*** | |
| (0.68) | (0.035) | (1.53) | |
| 28 | 28 | 28 | |
| Adj R2 | 0.99 | 0.51 | 0.99 |
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