Effect of government financial support on the development of China’s rare earth industry and influencing factors
Received date: 2020-02-19
Request revised date: 2020-06-12
Online published: 2020-10-25
Research on the effect of government financial support on the development of the rare earth industry in China is of great value for improving the theories of policy study of the rare earth industry, optimizing the policy system of government financial support, and realizing the sustainable development of the industry. Taking listed rare earth companies in China as examples, this study constructed an efficiency evaluation model of government financial support based on slacks-based measure data envelopment analysis (SBM-DEA) and an influencing factor model based on panel feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) estimation method, calculated and analyzed the efficiency and influencing factors of government financial support for China’s rare earth industry from 2010 to 2019, and distinguished between the front-end and the back-end of the rare earth industrial chain to compare and analyze the difference of government financial support effects. The results show that: The annual average value of government financial support efficiency of China’s rare earth industry is 1.313. Government financial support has an “incentive effect” on 65% of the listed rare earth companies, which has achieved the overall goal of government financial support policy. But it still has an “exclusion effect” on 35% of the listed rare earth companies. The annual average values of government financial support efficiency of the front-end and the back-end of the rare earth industrial chain are 1.145 and 1.377, respectively, which means that the “incentive effect” of government financial support on the back-end of the inductrial chain is significantly greater than that on the front-end. Government financial support is conducive to promoting the extension of the rare earth industrial chain to the back end. With the passage of time, the government financial support efficiency of the rare earth industry as a whole shows a downward trend, and the “incentive effect” gradually turns into the “exclusion effect”. The introduction of special policies can improve the efficiency of government financial support in the short term, but the long-term effect is limited. There is an inverted U-shaped relationship between government financial support intensity and government financial support efficiency of the rare earth industry, and at the enterprise scale, a significant positive effect on the government financial support efficiency of the rare earth industry can be observed. This study may deepen the understanding of the effect of government financial support on the development of China’s rare earth industry and provide a reference for the formulation of differentiated government financial support policies for China’s rare earth industry.
DONG Juan , ZHENG Minggui , ZHONG Changbiao . Effect of government financial support on the development of China’s rare earth industry and influencing factors[J]. Resources Science, 2020 , 42(8) : 1551 -1565 . DOI: 10.18402/resci.2020.08.10
(j≠d)
表1 变量类型、符号及度量汇总表Table 1 Variables and their measurements |
变量类型 | 变量符号 | 变量度量 | 单位 |
---|---|---|---|
投入变量 | x1 | 固定资产净值 | 亿元 |
x2 | 主营业务成本 | 亿元 | |
x3 | 员工总人数 | 人 | |
x4 | 研发支出总额 | 亿元 | |
产出变量 | y | 营业收入 | 亿元 |
环境变量 | W | 计入当期损益的政府补助 | 亿元 |
影响因素 | Sub | 政府补助/营业收入 | % |
Size | 资产总额的自然对数 | — | |
控制变量 | Roe | 净资产收益率 | % |
Fsr | 第一控股股东持股比例 | % | |
Lev | 负债总额/资产总额 | % | |
Own | 当企业控股股东为国家或地方政府时取值为1;否则取值为0 | — | |
Age | 计算年-成立年,并取自然对数 | — | |
Year | 年度虚拟变量。共有10个年度,设置9个虚拟变量。 | — |
表2 投入变量、产出变量与环境变量描述性统计Table 2 Descriptive statistics of input, output and environment variables |
编号 | 单位 | 平均值 | 标准差 | 极小值 | 极大值 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
x1 | 亿元 | 13.921 | 17.320 | 0.427 | 91.276 |
x2 | 亿元 | 32.000 | 40.302 | 1.875 | 183.987 |
x3 | 人 | 4691 | 7406 | 263 | 71244 |
x4 | 亿元 | 0.998 | 1.619 | 0.001 | 11.397 |
y | 亿元 | 40.489 | 47.480 | 2.522 | 239.158 |
W | 亿元 | 0.339 | 0.478 | 0.000 | 2.949 |
数据来源:巨潮资讯网2010—2019年各稀土上市公司的年报资料。 |
表3 2010—2019年中国稀土上市公司财政支持效率Table 3 Government financial support efficiency of listed rare earth companies in China, 2010-2019 |
企业 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 多年均值 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
前端 | 北方稀土 | 1.073 | 1.000 | 0.879 | 0.713 | 0.878 | 0.816 | 0.743 | 0.721 | 0.830 | 0.839 | 0.849 |
广晟有色 | 1.712 | 1.606 | 1.740 | 1.560 | 0.840 | 1.012 | 0.879 | 1.094 | 0.884 | 1.000 | 1.233 | |
厦门钨业 | 0.830 | 0.913 | 0.807 | 0.738 | 0.658 | 0.693 | 0.671 | 0.771 | 1.000 | 0.511 | 0.759 | |
中色股份 | 1.980 | 1.494 | 1.048 | 1.204 | 1.204 | 1.212 | 1.000 | 1.244 | 1.235 | 1.120 | 1.274 | |
五矿稀土 | 1.034 | 1.144 | 1.199 | 1.000 | 2.266 | 1.164 | 1.383 | 1.320 | 1.314 | |||
盛和资源 | 2.874 | 2.137 | 1.689 | 1.511 | 1.035 | 0.806 | 0.830 | 0.841 | 1.465 | |||
后端 | 中科三环 | 1.164 | 0.976 | 0.924 | 0.936 | 0.881 | 0.916 | 0.920 | 0.885 | 0.841 | 0.796 | 0.924 |
中钢天源 | 2.202 | 1.749 | 2.036 | 1.413 | 1.552 | 1.311 | 2.092 | 1.080 | 0.939 | 0.817 | 1.519 | |
银河磁体 | 3.410 | 2.236 | 2.161 | 2.589 | 2.132 | 2.600 | 2.566 | 2.244 | 2.396 | 2.030 | 2.436 | |
宁波韵升 | 1.273 | 1.060 | 1.069 | 1.151 | 1.267 | 1.238 | 1.035 | 1.061 | 1.080 | 1.058 | 1.129 | |
英洛华 | 1.973 | 1.554 | 1.259 | 1.253 | 1.696 | 1.425 | 1.175 | 1.189 | 1.033 | 0.982 | 1.354 | |
有研新材 | 1.954 | 1.444 | 1.731 | 1.000 | 0.652 | 1.022 | 1.000 | 0.949 | 1.087 | 1.000 | 1.184 | |
正海磁材 | 1.505 | 0.984 | 1.285 | 1.663 | 1.458 | 1.126 | 1.010 | 1.279 | 1.076 | 1.041 | 1.243 | |
科恒股份 | 2.907 | 1.389 | 1.920 | 3.014 | 2.705 | 2.333 | 1.313 | 0.968 | 0.826 | 0.870 | 1.824 | |
北矿科技 | 5.291 | 2.783 | 2.910 | 6.757 | 1.000 | 1.989 | 1.635 | 1.171 | 1.137 | 0.875 | 2.555 | |
领益智造 | 2.418 | 1.987 | 1.599 | 1.442 | 1.206 | 0.938 | 1.077 | 0.930 | 1.056 | 1.000 | 1.365 | |
横店东磁 | 1.213 | 0.874 | 0.891 | 0.859 | 0.882 | 0.904 | 0.892 | 0.848 | 0.825 | 0.709 | 0.890 | |
安泰科技 | 0.786 | 0.706 | 0.667 | 0.807 | 0.795 | 0.839 | 0.807 | 0.752 | 0.715 | 0.735 | 0.761 | |
科力远 | 1.202 | 0.910 | 1.189 | 1.257 | 1.147 | 0.581 | 0.983 | 0.260 | 0.867 | 0.879 | 0.927 | |
鸿达兴业 | 1.150 | 1.030 | 1.496 | 0.747 | 0.702 | 0.702 | 0.734 | 0.937 | ||||
均值 | 全行业 | 1.935 | 1.392 | 1.475 | 1.639 | 1.244 | 1.248 | 1.192 | 1.006 | 1.037 | 0.958 | 1.313 |
前端 | 1.399 | 1.254 | 1.397 | 1.250 | 1.078 | 1.041 | 1.099 | 0.967 | 1.027 | 0.939 | 1.145 | |
后端 | 2.100 | 1.435 | 1.511 | 1.806 | 1.315 | 1.337 | 1.232 | 1.023 | 1.041 | 0.966 | 1.377 |
表4 影响因素和控制变量描述性统计Table 4 Descriptive statistics of influencing factors and control variables |
变量类型 | 符号 | 单位 | 平均值 | 标准差 | 极小值 | 极大值 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
因变量 | GE | — | 1.301 | 0.741 | 0.260 | 6.757 |
自变量 | Sub | % | 1.175 | 1.821 | 0.007 | 15.338 |
Size | — | 22.014 | 1.092 | 19.212 | 24.031 | |
控制变量 | Roe | % | 7.050 | 13.986 | -54.110 | 84.670 |
Fsr | % | 34.885 | 11.943 | 14.040 | 91.820 | |
Lev | % | 37.015 | 20.021 | 1.561 | 85.492 | |
Own | — | 0.539 | 0.498 | 0.000 | 1.000 | |
Age | — | 2.862 | 0.297 | 2.079 | 3.784 |
数据来源:巨潮资讯网2010—2019年各稀土上市公司的年报资料。 |
表5 中国稀土产业财政支持效率影响因素回归结果Table 5 Regression results of factors influencing the efficiency of government finical support for China’s rare earth industry |
变量 | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sub-1 | 4.411*** (2.72) | 9.484*** (2.92) | 4.472* (1.83) | ||
(Sub-1)2 | -48.251* (-1.66) | -15.869* (-1.72) | |||
Size | 0.324*** (7.22) | 0.296*** (7.19) | |||
Roe | -0.531** (-2.29) | -0.261 (-1.37) | -0.256 (-1.38) | 0.158 (0.87) | 0.211 (1.21) |
Fsr | 0.539** (2.31) | 0.495* (1.71) | 0.491* (1.71) | 0.246* (1.88) | 0.184* (1.74) |
Lev | -0.686*** (-4.73) | -0.699*** (-3.54) | -0.651*** (-3.35) | -0.005*** (-3.93) | -0.076*** (-4.44) |
Own | 0.015 (0.16) | 0.190 (1.25) | 0.209 (1.40) | 0.018 (0.24) | 0.019 (0.27) |
Age | -0.204*** (-3.17) | -0.153* (-1.73) | -0.161* (-1.85) | -0.323** (-2.35) | -0.344** (-2.51) |
常数项 | 2.462*** (7.93) | 0.824 (1.59) | 0.701 (1.38) | 0.789* (2.02) | -0.604 (0.95) |
Year | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 |
Wald检验 | 107.15** | 51.66*** | 53.08*** | 123.39*** | 111.05*** |
观测值 | 193 | 173 | 173 | 193 | 173 |
注:***、**、*分别表示z检验值在1%、5%和10%水平上统计显著,下表同。 |
表6 稳健性检验结果Table 6 Robustness test results |
变量 | 全样本 | 国有企业 | 民营企业 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(6) GMM | (7) DK | (8) FGLS | (9) FGLS | |||
GE-1 | 0.351*** (7.39) | |||||
Sub-1 | 4.672** (2.56) | 3.904** (2.90) | 5.587** (2.39) | 8.622* (1.87) | ||
(Sub-1)2 | -16.189* (-1.92) | -15.461* (-1.78) | -21.491* (-1.76) | -65.313* (-1.75) | ||
Size | 0.238*** (6.20) | 0.227*** (5.69) | 0.290*** (7.02) | 0.440*** (6.66) | ||
Roe | -1.136* (-1.92) | -0.781* (-2.05) | 0.546* (1.75) | 0.052 (0.17) | ||
Fsr | 1.335* (1.72) | 1.256* (1.91) | 0.026* (1.82) | 0.506* (1.78) | ||
Lev | -0.367*** (-2.94) | -0.169*** (-2.79) | -0.571*** (-2.78) | -0.642*** (-2.81) | ||
Own | 0.082 (1.01) | — | — | — | ||
Age | -0.544*** (-3.34) | -0.138* (-1.76) | -0.476* (-1.91) | -0.213** (-2.69) | ||
常数项 | -4.583* (-1.95) | -1.498 (-0.30) | -6.021* (-2.45) | -3.718* (-1.81) | ||
Year | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | ||
Sargan检验 | 0.379 | — | — | — | ||
AR(1)检验 | 0.042** | — | — | — | ||
AR(2)检验 | 0.218 | — | — | — | ||
Wald检验 | 298.37*** | — | 94.66*** | 116.70*** | ||
F统计量 | — | 6961.47*** | — | — | ||
组间R-squared | — | 0.2317 | — | — | ||
观测值 | 173 | 173 | 93 | 80 |
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