Resource and environmental carrying capacity and optimal population size for village and town development: Taking Yongfeng County of Jiangxi Province as an example
Received date: 2020-05-05
Request revised date: 2020-07-05
Online published: 2020-09-25
The research of resources and environmental carrying capacity is an important basic work in China’s national land use planning and rural revitalization planning. Current research on resources and environmental carrying capacity remains at large regional scale, and the evaluation of carrying capacity for villages and towns is relatively uncommon. Based on a summary of previous research, this study explored the evaluation method of resources and environmental carrying capacity for villages and towns at the county scale on the basis of the “dual evaluation” technical guideline of the National Land and Spatial Planning published by the Ministry of Natural Resources. Yongfeng County of Jiangxi Province, which is located in the hilly area south of the Yangtze River, with a total population of 44×104 in 2017, was taken as an example. Based on the preliminary evaluation of the characteristics of the village and town development in Yongfeng County and the resources and environmental constraints, the index system for determining the unsuitable areas for cropping and village and town development with land, geological hazards, and ecology as the main limiting factors was established, and administrative villages were classified. Appropriate types of village and town development for village units and optimal population size of the county were determined under two scenarios of high development intensity and average development intensity. The results of the study show that the areas unsuitable for cropping and village and town development in Yongfeng County were 1797.77 km2and 1838.68 km2, respectively, which is 1838.94 km2 excluding the overlapping area, accounting for 67.81% of the county area. According to the unsuitable area, current population, and village and town development level, the 216 administrative villages in the county can be divided into four major categories: ecological protection key villages, cropping development key villages, central key villages, and other villages. Under the scenarios of local high development intensity and average development intensity, the largest population that the county’s arable land and planting industry can support will be 135.38×104 and 140.10×104, respectively. Assuming 100 m2, 140 m2, and 200 m2 per capita construction land, under the high-intensity development scenario, the number of population that can be supported by villages and towns in the county will be 84.05×104, 60.04×104, and 42.03×104 respectively; under the average development intensity scenario, the population size will be 54.61×104, 39.01×104, and 27.31×104 respectively. The results of this research can provide a case for the current “dual evaluation” technical guideline, and provide a reference for the implementation of rural revitalization and village and town planning in Yongfeng County.
MA Dingguo , DAI Xiongzu , YANG Jinfeng , WANG Chuansheng . Resource and environmental carrying capacity and optimal population size for village and town development: Taking Yongfeng County of Jiangxi Province as an example[J]. Resources Science, 2020 , 42(7) : 1249 -1261 . DOI: 10.18402/resci.2020.07.03
表1 种植业和村镇不适宜区判定的主要指标Table 1 Main indicators for the non-suitability evaluation of cropping and village and town development |
| 区域类型 | 生态保护重要程度 | 地形 | 土地利用类型 | 灾害 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 种植业 | 生态保护红线区 | 坡度大于25°的区域 | 坡度大于25°的非梯田、有林地、河湖库、风景名胜地、林场 | — |
| 村镇 | 生态保护红线区 | 坡度大于25°的区域 | 有林地、河湖库、滩涂、坑塘、风景名胜地、林场 | 地质灾害高风险区 |
表2 地质灾害高风险区判定Table 2 High risk area of main geological disasters |
| 灾害类型 | 灾害点风险区等级 | 灾害点危险程度 | 灾害点预警级别 | 避让范围/m |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 崩塌 | 高、中风险区 | 高或中 | 红或橙色 | 100 |
| 滑坡 | 高、中风险区 | 高或中 | 红或橙色 | 200 |
| 泥石流 | 所有风险区 | 高、中、低 | 红、橙、黄色 | 500 |
表3 吉安市和永丰县不同功能类型区建设用地和耕地占土地面积的比例Table 3 Proportion of cultivated land and construction land in various main functional zones of Ji’an City and Yongfeng County |
| 地区类型 | 地名 | 耕地 占比/% | 建设用地 占比/% |
|---|---|---|---|
| 重点开发区 | 吉州区 | 0.37 | 0.17 |
| 重点开发区(县) | 吉安县 | 0.25 | 0.06 |
| 农产品主产区(县) | 泰和县 | 0.23 | 0.04 |
| 农产品主产区(县) | 新干县 | 0.30 | 0.06 |
| 农产品主产区(县) | 永丰县 | 0.18 | 0.04 |
| 县城(乡镇) | 永丰县恩江镇 | 0.27 | 0.23 |
| 农业型(乡镇) | 永丰县藤田镇 | 0.35 | 0.06 |
| 生态型(乡镇) | 永丰县君埠乡 | 0.10 | 0.02 |
表4 4种类型村镇的开发强度控制系数Table 4 Development intensity control coefficients of four types of villages and towns |
| 项目 | 生态保护 重点村 | 种植业发展 重点村 | 中心集聚 重点村 | 其他村 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 高强度情景 | 0.02 | 0.10 | 0.23 | 0.03 |
| 平均强度情景 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.15 | 0.02 |
表5 各类村庄适宜面积统计Table 5 Suitable area for various villages |
| 项目 | 生态保护重点村 | 种植业发展重点村 | 中心集聚重点村 | 其他村 | 核计 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 行政村数/个 | 85 | 84 | 30 | 17 | 216 | |
| 总面积/km2 | 1327.29 | 833.82 | 241.20 | 309.64 | 2711.95 | |
| 评价面积/km2 | 282.06 | 422.10 | 147.10 | 78.97 | 930.23 | |
| 种植业面积/km2 | 高强度情景 | 276.42 | 379.89 | 113.27 | 76.60 | 846.18 |
| 平均强度情景 | 276.42 | 396.77 | 125.04 | 77.39 | 875.62 | |
| 村镇建设面积/km2 | 高强度情景 | 5.64 | 42.21 | 33.83 | 2.37 | 84.05 |
| 平均强度情景 | 5.64 | 25.33 | 22.07 | 1.58 | 54.61 | |
表6 基于种植业适宜面积的人口规模概算Table 6 Estimated population size based on suitable area for cropping |
| 情景 | 最大可用面积/hm2 | 耕地粮食单产/(kg/hm2) | 粮食需求/(kg/(人·年)) | 潜在最大承载人口/万人 | 现状人口/万人 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 高强度情景 | 84617.67 | 7200 | 450 | 135.38 | 44 |
| 平均强度情景 | 87561.84 | 140.10 |
表7 基于村镇建设适宜面积的人口规模概算Table 7 Estimated population size based on the suitable area for village and town development |
| 情景 | 最大可用面积/km2 | 人均建设用地指标/m2 | 最大承载人口/万人 | 现状人口/万人 | 现状城镇化率/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 高强度情景 | 84.05 | 100 | 84.05 | 44 | 45 |
| 140 | 60.04 | ||||
| 200 | 42.03 | ||||
| 平均强度情景 | 54.61 | 100 | 54.61 | ||
| 140 | 39.01 | ||||
| 200 | 27.31 |
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