Availability analysis of high-tech minerals in waste mobile phones
Received date: 2017-08-09
Request revised date: 2018-02-08
Online published: 2018-03-10
Copyright
High-tech minerals are key raw materials in national strategic emerging industries; waste mobile phones contain a variety of high-tech minerals. With rapid economic development mobile phones have become one of the most common electronic devices. China became the largest producer and consumer of mobile phones in 2004, and a large volume of waste mobile phones are generated annually. Although current research has focused on the estimation of waste mobile phones, most studies have neglected the influence of ‘smuggled mobile phones’ and ‘shanzhai mobile phones’. Studies have only considered mobile phones as an integral subject and ignored differences between distinct types of mobile phones and their contained materials. This leads to a lack of advanced knowledge in high-tech minerals in waste mobile phones in terms of the type availability and scale availability. Here, we adopted a dynamic material flow method to calculate the amount of waste mobile phones and social stock containing high-tech minerals based on the differentiation of feature phones and smartphones. We found that from 1987 to 2016, the total amount of waste mobile phones in China exceeded 3.33 billion units. From 1987 to 2016, the total social stock of various high-tech urban minerals contained in China, overall waste mobile phones, exceeded 15.31 thousand tons. This is influenced by various factors, the future stock availability of high tech minerals in waste mobile phones will confront significant changes in terms of variety, grade, scale and mineralization speed. In conclusion, we put forward suggestions for the effective and efficient exploitation of high-tech urban minerals to ensure a sustainable supply of high-tech minerals in China.
HE Pengwei , WANG Chang , ZUO Lyushui , SUN Qiao . Availability analysis of high-tech minerals in waste mobile phones[J]. Resources Science, 2018 , 40(3) : 589 -599 . DOI: 10.18402/resci.2018.03.13
Figure 1 System boundary of material flow process of waste mobile phones in China图1 中国废弃手机物质流程图 |
Figure 2 Sales number of feature phones and smartphones in China from 1987 to 2016图2 1987—2016年中国功能型手机与智能型手机销售量 |
Table 1 Equation of scrapped rate of mobile phone at different categories in China表1 不同类别中国手机报废率公式 |
| 手机类别 | 参数 | 函数公式 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ω | β | ||
| 功能型手机 | 3.96 | 2.19 | F(t)=1-exp[-(t/3.96)2.19] |
| 智能型手机 | 2.83 | 2.45 | F(t)=1-exp[-(t/2.83)2.45] |
Figure 3 Lifespan distribution of feature phones and smartphones图3 功能型手机和智能型手机报废率 |
Table 2 High-tech minerals composition of feature phones and smartphones in China (g/台)表2 中国功能型手机和智能型手机中高技术矿产含量 |
| 高技术矿产种类 | 产品类别 | |
|---|---|---|
| 功能型手机 | 智能型手机 | |
| 钴 | 3.800 | 6.300 |
| 钯 | 0.009 | 0.015 |
| 钕 | - | 0.050 |
| 镨 | - | 0.010 |
| 铍 | - | 0.003 |
| 锑 | - | 0.084 |
| 铂 | - | 0.004 |
Figure 4 Generation amount of feature phones and smartphones in China from 1987 to 2016图4 1987—2016年中国功能型手机和智能型手机报废量 |
Figure 5 Social stocks of high-tech minerals in waste mobile phones from 1987 to 2016 (Cobalt, Palladium)图5 1987—2016年废弃手机中高技术矿产社会存量(钴、钯) |
Figure 6 Social stocks of high-tech minerals in waste mobile phones from 2000 to 2016 (Neodymium, Praseodymium, Beryllium, Antimony, Platinum)图6 2000—2016年废弃手机中高技术矿产社会存量(钕、镨、铍、锑、铂) |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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