Perception on the sub-health improvement of tourists by forest healthcare tourism
Received date: 2016-11-09
Request revised date: 2017-02-23
Online published: 2017-06-20
Copyright
Sub-health is a state between healthiness and disease,and can deteriorate to disease if people ignore it. Forest healthcare tourism is a hot issue amongst academic circles and professionals that refers to providing recreational and healthcare activities for tourists. Making full use of forest resources to develop forest healthcare tourism can not only satisfy the needs of sightseeing and vacation but also remove the sub-healthy syndrome of urban residents. We selected vacation areas in Mount Jianfengling,Mount Daweishan and Mount Lushan as study areas,then we constructed a forest healthcare tourism experience scale and forest health perceived efficacy scale. We collected 311 questionnaires from July12th~13th,August 15th~17th and 22th~24th in 2014. Using data reliability analysis,exploratory factor analysis,confirmatory factor analysis,we found that the three major experiential elements of forest healthcare tourism are natural landscape,ecological environment and healthcare facilities. The three major health benefits are recovery of body,adjustment of psychological state and improving of social relationship. Using multi-group structural equation model fitting test, we found that healthy tourists have significant perceptions on “Ecological environment experience → Physical health recovery”、“Healthcare facilities experience → Interpersonal relationship improvement,sub-healthy tourists have significant perceptions on seven paths,“Natural landscape experience → Physical health recovery”,“Natural landscape experience → Psychological state Adjustment”,“Natural landscape experience improvement → Interpersonal relationship”,“Ecological environment experience → Physical health recovery”,“Ecological environment experience → Psychological state Adjustment”,“Ecological environment experience → Psychological state Adjustment”,“Ecological environment experience → Interpersonal relationship improvement”, “Healthcare facilities experience → Physical health recovery”, moderating effect was partly supported. Based on these,three management implications for forest healthcare tourism are discussed.
ZHENG Qunming , LIU Jia , ZHU Yan , ZHONG Linsheng . Perception on the sub-health improvement of tourists by forest healthcare tourism[J]. Resources Science, 2017 , 39(6) : 1171 -1181 . DOI: 10.18402/resci.2017.06.16
Figure 1 Research model of tourist perception on sub-health improvement by forest healthcare tourism图1 森林保健旅游对游客亚健康改善感知的研究模型 |
Table 1 Dimensions and measurement items of forest healthcare experience and forest healthcare perception表1 森林保健旅游体验和森林保健功效感知的维度、测量项目 |
| 维度 | 测量项目 | 均值 | 总样本 标准差 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 健康旅游者 | 亚健康旅游者 | |||
| F1森林自然景观体验 | Q1类型多样的生物物种景致宜人 | 4.30 | 4.49 | 0.752 |
| Q2形态优美的水域风光秀丽动人 | 4.31 | 4.52 | 0.733 | |
| Q3丰富多彩的气象景观悦目娱心 | 4.21 | 4.55 | 0.749 | |
| Q4造型独特的地文景观赏心悦目 | 4.01 | 4.52 | 0.820 | |
| F2森林生态环境体验 | Q5清新的空气让我感到心旷神怡 | 4.62 | 4.67 | 0.678 |
| Q6植物散发的芳香气味令我神清气爽 | 4.38 | 4.25 | 0.719 | |
| Q7大自然的声音听起来轻快悦耳 | 4.31 | 4.30 | 0.770 | |
| Q8幽静的森林环境让我放松 | 4.55 | 4.58 | 0.708 | |
| Q9森林中的光照强度适宜 | 4.30 | 4.42 | 0.748 | |
| Q10森林光照环境形成良好的氛围 | 4.19 | 4.23 | 0.733 | |
| Q11森林小气候舒适宜人 | 4.43 | 4.62 | 0.769 | |
| F3森林保健设施体验 | Q12生态解说牌的内容生动易懂 | 3.83 | 3.90 | 0.828 |
| Q13休闲娱乐设施让我更好地感受森林 | 3.66 | 4.21 | 0.799 | |
| Q14运动健身设施让我得到充分的锻炼 | 3.64 | 4.23 | 0.930 | |
| F4身体健康恢复感知 | Q15我的睡眠质量和就餐食欲得到改善 | 4.05 | 4.08 | 0.800 |
| Q16我的感官(视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉、触觉)得到调节 | 3.86 | 4.16 | 0.842 | |
| Q17我感觉心跳和呼吸更加平稳 | 3.84 | 3.98 | 0.815 | |
| Q18我的精力得到了恢复 | 4.01 | 4.24 | 0.818 | |
| Q19我的头晕得到了缓解 | 3.67 | 3.48 | 0.879 | |
| F5心理状态调整感知 | Q20我的情绪更加平稳了 | 3.83 | 3.87 | 0.816 |
| Q21我的心理压力减轻了 | 3.71 | 3.69 | 0.811 | |
| Q22我从内心感到愉悦 | 4.05 | 4.31 | 0.806 | |
| Q23我感到更加自信了 | 3.71 | 3.74 | 0.818 | |
| F6社会关系改善感知 | Q24这次旅行中我和亲友的关系更加紧密了 | 4.02 | 4.24 | 0.859 |
| Q25这次旅行中我结交了新的朋友 | 3.97 | 4.30 | 0.844 | |
| Q26这次旅行后我能更好地处理我的人际关系 | 4.15 | 4.13 | 0.850 | |
| Q27这次旅行后我能更好地平衡工作和生活 | 4.02 | 4.16 | 0.862 | |
Table 2 Reliability and validity test results of forest healthcare experience and forest healthcare perception scales表2 森林保健旅游体验量表和森林保健功效感知量表的信度、效度检验结果 |
| 量表名称 | Cronbach' s α | 维度 | Cronbach' s α | 组合信度 | KMO | Bartlett' s 检验/显著性 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 森林保健旅游 | 0.925 | F1 森林自然景观体验 | 0.862 | 0.915 | 0.797 | 558.970/0.000 |
| 体验评测量表 | F2 森林生态环境体验 | 0.898 | 0.943 | 0.908 | 1 083.592/0.000 | |
| F3 森林保健设施体验 | 0.839 | 0.884 | 0.699 | 385.872/0.000 | ||
| 森林保健功效 | 0.875 | F4 身体健康恢复感知 | 0.750 | 0.813 | 0.796 | 299.896/0.000 |
| 感知评测量表 | F5 心理状态调整感知 | 0.822 | 0.877 | 0.789 | 422.715/0.000 | |
| F6 社会关系改善感知 | 0.818 | 0.861 | 0.801 | 395.374/0.000 |
Table 3 Confirmatory factor analysis results of forest healthcare experience and forest healthcare perception scales表3 森林保健旅游体验量表和森林保健功效感知量表的验证性因子分析结果 |
| 拟合指标 | χ2/df | RMR | RMSEA | GFI | NFI | IFI | CFI | PGFI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 森林保健旅游体验 | 2.420 | 0.031 | 0.069 | 0.924 | 0.928 | 0.956 | 0.956 | 0.651 |
| 森林保健功效感知 | 1.765 | 0.029 | 0.050 | 0.945 | 0.924 | 0.966 | 0.965 | 0.644 |
| 参考值 | <3.000 | <0.050 | <0.080 | >0.900 | >0.900 | >0.900 | >0.900 | >0.500 |
Table 4 Model fit test results of tourist perception on sub-health improvement by forest healthcare tourism表4 森林保健旅游对游客亚健康改善感知的研究模型适配度检验结果 |
| 拟合指标 | χ2/df | RMR | RMSEA | GFI | AGFI | NFI | IFI | CFI | PGFI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 初始模型 | 1.740 | 0.036 | 0.500 | 0.880 | 0.855 | 0.879 | 0.945 | 0.944 | 0.726 |
| 修正模型 | 1.160 | 0.023 | 0.023 | 0.925 | 0.903 | 0.925 | 0.989 | 0.989 | 0.710 |
| 参考值 | <3.000 | <0.050 | <0.080 | >0.900 | >0.900 | >0.900 | >0.900 | >0.900 | >0.500 |
Table 5 Main effect path relationship test results of tourist perception on sub-health improvement by forest healthcare tourism表5 森林保健旅游对游客亚健康改善感知的主效应路径关系检验结果 |
| 假设路径 | Estimate | S.E. | C.R. | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| H1a:自然景观体验→身体健康恢复 | 0.349 | 0.101 | 3.468 | *** |
| H1b:自然景观体验→心理状态调整 | 0.246 | 0.135 | 1.814 | 0.070 |
| H1c:自然景观体验→社会关系改善 | 0.328 | 0.112 | 2.937 | 0.003 |
| H2a:生态环境体验→身体健康恢复 | 0.315 | 0.094 | 3.366 | *** |
| H2b:生态环境体验→心理状态调整 | 0.639 | 0.131 | 4.864 | *** |
| H2c:生态环境体验→社会关系改善 | 0.519 | 0.108 | 4.825 | *** |
| H3a:保健设施体验→身体健康恢复 | 0.184 | 0.084 | 2.195 | 0.028 |
| H3b:保健设施体验→心理状态调整 | -0.054 | 0.121 | -0.441 | 0.659 |
| H3c:保健设施体验→社会关系改善 | 0.219 | 0.094 | 2.326 | 0.020 |
注:***为p<0.001(双尾)。 |
Table 6 Multi-group analysis results of tourist perception on sub-health improvement by forest healthcare tourism表6 森林保健旅游对游客亚健康改善感知的多群组分析检验结果 |
| 路径 | Estimate | S.E. | C.R. | P | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 健康 旅游者 | 亚健康 旅游者 | 健康 旅游者 | 亚健康 旅游者 | 健康 旅游者 | 亚健康 旅游者 | 健康 旅游者 | 亚健康 旅游者 | |
| H4a:自然景观体验→身体健康恢复 | 0.044 | 0.442 | 0.310 | 0.123 | 0.143 | 3.593 | 0.886 | *** |
| H4b:自然景观体验→心理状态调整 | -0.196 | 0.375 | 0.395 | 0.162 | -0.495 | 2.321 | 0.620 | 0.020 |
| H4c:自然景观体验→社会关系改善 | 0.050 | 0.475 | 0.283 | 0.145 | 0.178 | 3.283 | 0.859 | ** |
| H4d:生态环境体验→身体健康恢复 | 0.829 | 0.211 | 0.414 | 0.099 | 2.005 | 2.136 | 0.045 | 0.033 |
| H4e:生态环境体验→心理状态调整 | 1.017 | 0.590 | 0.551 | 0.143 | 1.843 | 4.128 | 0.065 | *** |
| H4f:生态环境体验→社会关系改善 | 0.381 | 0.563 | 0.372 | 0.126 | 1.025 | 4.460 | 0.305 | *** |
| H4g:保健设施体验→身体健康恢复 | -0.035 | 0.248 | 0.147 | 0.095 | -0.241 | 2.614 | 0.810 | ** |
| H4h:保健设施体验→心理状态调整 | -0.023 | -0.030 | 0.210 | 0.139 | -0.110 | -0.214 | 0.912 | 0.830 |
| H4i:保健设施体验→社会关系改善 | 0.471 | 0.042 | 0.151 | 0.110 | 3.118 | 0.386 | 0.002 | 0.699 |
Figure 2 Multi-group analysis comparison of tourist perception on sub-health improvement by forest healthcare tourism图2 森林保健旅游对游客亚健康改善感知的|||注:①***和**分别为在p<0.001、p<0.010的水平上显著(双尾);②实线表示影响路径成立,虚线表示影响路径不成立;③图中数据为标准化后的路径系数。 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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