Regional and social factors influencing non-life insurance development in China according to Chinese provincial panel data
Received date: 2016-07-12
Request revised date: 2017-01-05
Online published: 2017-02-20
Copyright
China insurance premiums were 799.5 billion CNY in 2015 and are now an important part of the Chinese economy. Research into the factors influencing non-life insurance involve three fields:the economic factors influencing non-life insurance; factors influencing non-life insurance demands from a national view (but not regional differences);and time series data. Here,we analyze non-life insurance demands using regional panel data to compare differences between social factors influencing non-life insurance across provinces. We found that social factors influencing non-life insurance included education level,social security level and traffic accidents. Other social factors also influenced the development of non-life insurance in China,for example urbanization,jobless rate,important rules and medical level. All factors above are important parts of livelihoods and improvements here will have important effects on the persistent development of non-life insurance. Traffic accidents have a negative effect on the development of non-life insurance;strengthening publicity for traffic security and punishment for offences are very important. Laws and rules have a positive effect on non-life insurance and government should introduce laws and rules to improve development of non-life insurance. The social factors affecting non-life insurance vary between nations and regions and policy suggestions vary accordingly. Governments in northwest China should emphasize urbanization construction,compulsory primary education and social security. Governments in northeast China should train more doctors and increase coverage of medical care insurance. Governments in other parts of China should focus on urbanization and fair education resources. Governments along the middle Yellow River and in southwest China need to create more jobs.
Key words: non-life insurance; regions; social resource; panel data
YU Lei , CHENG Shengkui . Regional and social factors influencing non-life insurance development in China according to Chinese provincial panel data[J]. Resources Science, 2017 , 39(2) : 346 -355 . DOI: 10.18402/resci.2017.02.16
Table 1 Nation results of Levin-Lin-Chu test and PP Fisher test表1 全国单位根检结果 |
| Levin-Lin-Chu test | 结果 | PP Fisher test | 结果 | Levin-Lin-Chu test | 结果 | PP Fisher test | 结果 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lnpremium | -6.946 70 | 平稳 | 154.362 00 | 平稳 | lnwsj | -4.974 61 | 平稳 | 50.947 10 | 不平稳 | |
| 0.000 00 | 0.000 00 | 0.000 00 | 0.840 80 | |||||||
| czh | 6.282 67 | 不平稳 | 9.022 33 | 不平稳 | △lnwsj | -20.247 80 | 平稳 | 359.408 00 | 平稳 | |
| 1.000 00 | 1.000 00 | 0.000 00 | 0.000 00 | |||||||
| △czh | -13.669 00 | 平稳 | 115.957 00 | 平稳 | lnwsr | -5.691 38 | 平稳 | 72.901 10 | 不平稳 | |
| 0.000 00 | 0.000 00 | 0.000 00 | 0.162 10 | |||||||
| dz | -6.511 95 | 平稳 | 132.043 00 | 平稳 | △lnwsr | -13.813 30 | 平稳 | 149.274 00 | 平稳 | |
| 0.000 00 | 0.000 00 | 0.000 00 | 0.000 00 | |||||||
| fg | -12.647 60 | 平稳 | 210.893 00 | 平稳 | yil | -3.354 58 | 平稳 | 46.515 40 | 不平稳 | |
| 0.000 00 | 0.000 00 | 0.000 40 | 0.928 60 | |||||||
| lnhz | -3.182 60 | 平稳 | 51.047 90 | 不平稳 | △yil | -13.003 20 | 平稳 | 189.009 00 | 平稳 | |
| 0.000 70 | 0.838 30 | 0.000 00 | 0.000 00 | |||||||
| △lnhz | -10.614 60 | 平稳 | 172.762 00 | 平稳 | yl | 2.302 13 | 不平稳 | 78.837 50 | 平稳* | |
| 0.000 00 | 0.000 00 | 0.989 30 | 0.073 20 | |||||||
| lnjt | -10.015 50 | 平稳 | 83.266 20 | 平稳 | △yl | -21.270 40 | 平稳 | 373.452 00 | 平稳 | |
| 0.000 00 | 0.037 10 | 0.000 00 | 0.000 00 | |||||||
| syl | -10.078 50 | 平稳 | 212.260 00 | 平稳 | ||||||
| 0.000 00 | 0.000 00 |
注:①△代表一节差分算子;②允许的显著度为0.05;③所有变量为加趋势和截距的情况。 |
Table 2 Region results of unit root test表2 8个综合经济区区域单位根检验结果 |
| 北部沿海 | 大西北 | 东北 | 东部沿海 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lnpremium | I(0) | lnpremium | I(0) | lnpremium | I(1) | lnpremium | I(0) |
| czh | I(1) | czh | I(1) | czh | I(2) | czh | I(1)* |
| dz | I(1) | dz | I(0) | dz | I(1) | dz | I(1) |
| fg | I(0) | fg | I(0) | fg | I(0) | fg | I(0) |
| lnhz | I(1) | lnhz | I(1) | lnhz | I(2) | lnhz | I(1) |
| lnjt | I(1)* | lnjt | I(1) | lnjt | I(0) | lnjt | I(1) |
| syl | I(0) | syl | I(0)* | syl | I(0) | syl | I(0) |
| lnwsj | I(1) | lnwsj | I(0)** | lnwsj | I(1) | lnwsj | I(0) |
| lnwsr | I(2) | lnwsr | I(1) | lnwsr | I(1) | lnwsr | I(0) |
| yil | I(0) | yil | I(1) | yil | I(1) | yil | I(1) |
| yl | I(0) | yl | I(1) | yl | I(2) | yl | I(1) |
| 黄河中游综合经济区 | 长江中游综合经济区 | 南部沿海综合经济区 | 西南综合经济区 | ||||
| lnpremium | I(0) | lnpremium | I(1)** | lnpremium | I(1) | lnpremium | I(0) |
| czh | I(1)** | czh | I(2) | czh | I(1)* | czh | I(1)* |
| dz | I(0) | dz | I(0) | dz | I(1) | dz | I(0) |
| fg | I(0) | fg | I(0) | fg | I(0) | fg | I(0) |
| lnhz | I(1) | lnhz | I(1) | lnhz | I(1) | lnhz | I(1) |
| lnjt | I(1) | lnjt | I(1) | lnjt | I(1) | lnjt | I(0) |
| syl | I(1) | syl | I(0) | syl | I(1) | syl | I(0) |
| lnwsj | I(1) | lnwsj | I(1) | lnwsj | I(1) | lnwsj | I(1) |
| lnwsr | I(1) | lnwsr | I(1) | lnwsr | I(1) | lnwsr | I(1) |
| yil | I(1)** | yil | I(1) | yil | I(1) | yil | I(1) |
| yl | I(1) | yl | I(1) | yl | I(1) | yl | I(1) |
注:①I(0)表示零阶单整,以此类推I(1)表示一阶单整,I(2)表示二阶单整;②*表示显著度为0.1,**表示显著度为0.15,其它表示显著度为0.05;③检验形式都为加趋势和截距的情况。 |
Table 3 Nation results of Kao test表3 全国Kao检验结果 |
| 原假设 | 统计量名 | 统计量值 | P值 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 不存在协整关系 | ADF | -5.835 587 | 0.00 |
Table 4 Region results of Kao test表4 区域Kao检验结果 |
| 综合经济区 | 统计量 | 结果 | P值 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 北部沿海 | ADF | -3.809 370 | 0.000 1 |
| 大西北 | ADF | -5.111 222 | 0.000 0 |
| 东北 | ADF | -4.385 898 | 0.000 0 |
| 东部沿海 | ADF | -3.845 803 | 0.000 1 |
| 黄河中游 | ADF | -4.230109 | 0.000 0 |
| 南部沿海 | ADF | -2.349 489 | 0.009 4 |
| 西南 | ADF | -4.892 890 | 0.000 0 |
| 长江中游 | ADF | -3.598 855 | 0.000 2 |
Table 5 Analysis results of nation and regions表5 全国及各区域分析结果 |
| 全国 | 北部沿海 | 大西北 | 东北 | 东部沿海 | 黄河中游 | 南部沿海 | 西南 | 长江中游 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| czh | 2.90 | 2.07 | 3.48 | - | 4.57 | 4.06 | 2.32 | 5.03 | |
| dz | 2.05 | - | 3.46 | -7.36* | - | 6.83 | 4.29* | 4.39 | - |
| fg | 0.33 | 0.22 | 0.19 | - | - | - | - | 0.15 | - |
| lnhz | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -1.16 | - |
| lnjt | -0.11 | -0.35 | -0.34* | - | - | -0.31** | -0.49 | -0.20 | - |
| syl | - | -0.11* | - | - | - | -0.37 | -0.2** | -0.17* | - |
| lnwsj | -0.06 | - | - | - | - | -0.09* | -0.07* | -0.12 | |
| lnwsr | 0.82 | 0.98 | 0.87 | 3.02 | - | 0.57** | 0.55 | 1.71 | |
| yil | 0.59* | - | - | 3.56* | - | 4.28 | 4.31 | 1.91 | - |
| yl | - | 2.62 | - | - | - | - | 7.03 | ||
| c | - | 1.36 | -9.50 | - | 2.21* | 3.55 | 2.19 | -3.73 |
注:①*和**分别表示显著度为0.1和0.15,其它表示显著度为0.05;②“-”表示无法判断该因素是否有影响,空格表示该因素影响不显著。 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
| [1] |
[The State Council of China. Several Opinions of the State Council on Accelerating the Development of Modern Insurance Services [EB/OL].(2014-08-10)[2016-07-12].
|
| [2] |
[
|
| [3] |
[
|
| [4] |
[
|
| [5] |
[
|
| [6] |
[
|
| [7] |
[
|
| [8] |
[
|
| [9] |
[
|
| [10] |
[
|
| [11] |
[
|
| [12] |
[
|
| [13] |
[
|
| [14] |
[
|
| [15] |
[
|
| [16] |
[
|
| [17] |
[
|
| [18] |
|
| [19] |
[
|
| [20] |
[The theory on demand of property insurance market and empirical research- Shandong province as an example[D]. Qingdao:Ocean Uni-versity ofThe theory on demand of property insurance market and empirical research- Shandong province as an example[D]. Qingdao:Ocean Uni-versity ofChina,2010.]
|
| [21] |
[
|
| [22] |
[
|
| [23] |
|
| [24] |
|
| [25] |
[
|
| [26] |
[
|
| [27] |
[
|
| [28] |
[
|
| [29] |
[
|
| [30] |
[
|
| [31] |
|
| [32] |
[
|
| [33] |
[
|
| [34] |
[
|
| [35] |
[
|
| [36] |
[
|
| [37] |
[
|
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |