Spatial differences and mechanisms of rural tourism opportunities for residents in the Yangtze River Delta
Received date: 2016-05-20
Request revised date: 2016-09-22
Online published: 2016-11-16
Copyright
Tourism fairness is a focus of academic standards and responsibility reflection in current international tourism research. Here,the spatial differences of residents’ opportunities to rural tourism sites in the Yangtze River Delta and mechanism are studied using GIS and the improved population-weighted distance from the perspective of tourism supply and demand. We find a travel opportunity spatial pattern of a semicircular ring belt with Shanghai as the center,which changes with a clear core-periphery attenuation law. The spatial differentiation pattern of the travel opportunity difference between urban and rural populations is discrete and peripherally significant,and the ratio of the difference degree is 0.56~1.17. This indicates an urban and rural dislocation phenomenon of rural tourism site allocation and that the development of rural tourism sites is becoming more urban-agglomerate and market-oriented. The overall opportunity of rural tourism has a linear positive correlation with the level of urbanization,but the correlation between the degree of spatial opportunity differences for urban and rural populations and the level of urbanization shows a Gaussian normal distribution. The difference distributions of rural tourism opportunity of the total population,urban population and rural population are all generally in accordance with the Power law,and this relatively mature development of grade order means the contradiction between travel opportunity fair and market efficiency will exist in the long term. There is a correlation between rural tourism opportunity and income level of residents in the Yangtze River Delta,which indicates that there are essential differences between them and the combination of them will help to understand differences in rural tourism opportunities. Under the guidance of the economic construction as the center of strategic policy,the formation of a relatively stable growth alliance of government power and enterprise capital and the lack of government intervention in the field of welfare are the profound reasons that cause the spatial differentiation pattern of residents’ opportunity to travel to rural tourism sites in the Yangtze River Delta.
HUANG Tai , XI Jianchao , GE Quansheng . Spatial differences and mechanisms of rural tourism opportunities for residents in the Yangtze River Delta[J]. Resources Science, 2016 , 38(11) : 2168 -2180 . DOI: 10.18402/resci.2016.11.15
Figure 1 Yangtze River Delta location and kernel density of rural tourism sites图1 长三角区位和乡村旅游点分布核密度 |
Figure 2 Spatial differentiation pattern of rural tourism opportunity for residents in Yangtze River Delta图2 长三角居民乡村旅游机会空间差异格局 |
Figure 3 Urban and rural differences curve about rural tourism opportunity for residents in Yangtze River Delta图3 长三角居民乡村旅游机会的城乡差异变化曲线 |
Table 1 Correlation between the nearest mean distance of rural tourism sites and urbanization rate表1 乡村旅游最邻近平均距离与城镇化率相关性 |
县区 数量 | 最邻近 平均距离 | 最邻近平均 距离城乡差值 | 泊松相关系数 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
全体县区人口 | 175 | 43.3 | 19.4 | 0.918** |
高城镇化率人口 | 15 | 22.8 | 13.0 | 0.698** |
中城镇化率人口 | 50 | 36.0 | 15.9 | 0.910** |
低城镇化率人口 | 110 | 49.4 | 21.8 | 0.917** |
注:** 表示在0.01水平(双侧)上显著相关。 |
Table 2 Main dispersion index of rural tourism opportunity for residents in Yangtze River Delta表2 长三角居民乡村旅游空间机会等级差异离散指数 |
离散指数 | 总人口 | 城镇人口 | 农村人口 | 城乡相对差异 | 城乡绝对差异 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
负差类 | 正差类 | 负差类 | 正差类 | ||||
首位度 | 1.318 | 1.175 | 1.555 | 1.307 | 2.993 | 1.004 | 1.059 |
标准离差率 | 0.549 | 0.564 | 0.541 | 0.929 | 1.246 | 0.983 | 0.691 |
归一化熵差 | 0.037 | 0.039 | 0.037 | 0.139 | 0.223 | 0.161 | 0.091 |
Figure 4 Rank-size double-logarithmic regression figure of rural tourism opportunity for residents in Yangtze River Delta图4 长三角居民乡村旅游空间机会指标的位序-规模双对数拟合 |
Table 3 Zipf and regression testing of grade distribution of rural tourism opportunity for residents in Yangtze River Delta表3 长三角居民乡村旅游空间机会差异等级分布Zipf分维检验与回归拟合 |
出游人口 | 标度分段 | 标度区范围 | 拟合方程 | Zipf分维 | 判定系数R2 | F值 | Sig.值 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
总人口 | 标度区一 | K=1~18 | LnP(K)=-0.411LnK+4.796 | 2.328 | 0.957 | 363.263 | 0.000 |
标度区二 | K=19~29 | LnP(K)=-1.427LnK+7.737 | 0.680 | 0.972 | 311.993 | 0.000 | |
城镇人口 | 标度区一 | K=1~19 | LnP(K)=-0.442LnK+4.812 | 2.210 | 0.977 | 725.739 | 0.000 |
标度区二 | K=20~30 | LnP(K)=-1.779LnK+8.816 | 0.540 | 0.962 | 231.334 | 0.000 | |
农村人口 | 标度区一 | K=1~18 | LnP(K)=-0.396LnK+4.823 | 2.370 | 0.939 | 249.251 | 0.000 |
标度区二 | K=19~29 | LnP(K)=-1.309LnK+7.413 | 0.736 | 0.964 | 247.540 | 0.000 |
Table 4 Correlation between rural tourism opportunity and economy income for residents in Yangtze River Delta表4 长三角居民乡村旅游空间机会与经济收入相关性 |
相关性变量 | 总人口加 权距离与 人均GDP | 城镇人口加权 距离与人均可 支配收入 | 农村人口加 权距离与人 均纯收入 |
---|---|---|---|
Pearson系数 | -0.666** | -0.650** | -0.636** |
显著性(双侧) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
城市个数 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
注:** 表示在0.01水平(双侧)上显著相关。 |
Figure 5 Space production mechanism of rural tourism opportunity for residents in Yangtze River Delta图5 长三角居民乡村旅游机会差异格局的空间生产机制 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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