Archive

  • 2023 Volume 45 Issue 2
    Published: 25 February 2023
      

  • Select all
    |
  • HAN Haibin, WANG Jiaofen
    Download PDF ( ) HTML ( )   Knowledge map   Save

    [Objective] The objective of this research was to reveal the driving force of the growth of ecological total factor productivity of cultivated land use, explore the pathway of improvement of ecological total factor productivity of cultivated land use, and provide policy references for promoting the green transformation of cultivated land use. [Methods] By combining the Meta-frontier analytical framework with the Non-radial Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index, the Meta-frontier Non-radial Malmquist-Luenberger (MNML) productivity index model was constructed, thus effectively solving the problem of how to evaluate the ecological efficiency and ecological total factor productivity of cultivated land use that can take into account undesirable outputs in the framework of technological heterogeneity. [Results] The MNML productivity index was used to evaluate the ecological efficiency and total factor productivity of cultivated land use in China from 1997 to 2019. The study results showed that: (1) Under the meta-frontier, the mean value of cultivated land use ecological efficiency in China was 0.350, and there was still 65.0% room for improvement; Except for the eastern region, the ecological efficiency values of cultivated land use under the group-frontier in the central and western regions were much higher than that under the meta-frontier. (2) The annual average growth rate of ecological total factor productivity of cultivated land use in China was 4.0%, which was mainly driven by technological progress of cultivated land use, while technical efficiency of cultivated land use hindered the growth of ecological total factor productivity of cultivated land use. (3) The distribution of ecological total factor productivity of cultivated land use in China was characterized by high levels in the eastern and western regions and low levels in the central region, and the growth patterns of ecological total factor productivity of cultivated land use in the eastern, central, and western China were different. [Conclusion] When measuring the ecological efficiency or total factor productivity of cultivated land use, it was necessary to divide the decision-making units with the characteristics of technological heterogeneity into groups with the same or similar technological level according to a certain standard, so as to meet the requirements of the data envelopment analysis (DEA) model for the technological homogeneity of decision-making units within the same group. The production technology in the eastern region represented the national potential optimal production technology, while there was still a big gap between the production technology in the central and western regions and the national potential optimal production technology. There was a clear spatial heterogeneity in both the ecological total factor productivity of cultivated land use and its decomposition index in China. So differentiated pathways to improve the ecological total factor productivity of cultivated land use should be constructed, and policies related to high quality cultivated land use should be formulated based on regional technological heterogeneity.

  • ZHU Qianlong, MA Xianlei, SHI Xiaoping, ZOU Xu
    Download PDF ( ) HTML ( )   Knowledge map   Save

    [Objective] In order to solve the problem of extensive land use and low-efficiency idle land, the differential collection policy of land use tax has been explored in China since 2014. Through the adjustment of land taxation, this policy aimed primarily to guide land users in improving the efficiency of stock land use. There has been an increasing number of cities that have begun to explore the implementation of differentiated urban land use tax policy. This policy represents an innovative macro-control tool to enhance the efficiency of urban land use, but its practical effects have yet to be determined. This study investigated the impact of differential tax policy of urban land use on the efficiency of industrial land use and explained how this policy was implemented. [Methods] In this study, the differential tax policy of urban land use is viewed as a “quasi-natural experiment”. Based on the panel data of 277 prefecture-level and above cities across the country from 2009 to 2019, the impact of this policy on the efficiency of industrial land use was explored with the help of a multi-period difference-in-differences (multi-period DID) model. This study also used heterogeneity analysis to examine the impact of different collection methods on the efficiency of industrial land use. The mediation effect model was used to further verify the impact mechanism of the policy on the efficiency of industrial land use. [Results] The differential tax policy of urban land use can significantly enhance the efficiency of industrial land use. Robustness tests confirm that the results of the study are valid. Heterogeneity analysis indicated that the positive effects of the policy on the efficiency of industrial land use were more pronounced under the tax relief mode than under the post-expropriation return mode. Furthermore, the analysis of the impact mechanism indicated that the policy primarily improved the efficiency of industrial land use by promoting technological innovation and adjusting the industrial structure. [Conclusion] The multi-period DID model can be useful for objectively analyzing the effects of differential urban land use tax policies on industrial land use efficiency. The innovative approach to urban land use taxation has great significance for optimizing the allocation of industrial land in urban stock and promoting land use that is economically and intensively productive.

  • ZHANG Rui, WEN LanJiao, WANG NingKe, MOU ShanShan
    Download PDF ( ) HTML ( )   Knowledge map   Save

    [Objective] The aim of this study was to explore the direction and mechanism of impact of scientific and technological innovation on urban land use efficiency, and to examine the influence of the spatial spillover effect of scientific and technological innovation on urban land use efficiency by dividing the Wuhan metropolitan area into three zones. [Methods] Based on the concept of innovation-driven green development and the theory of development zones, this study explored the impact of scientific and technological innovation on urban land green use efficiency and its mechanism. In this study, the slacks-based measure (SBM) model, panel regression model, and mediation effect model were used to analyze the zonal differences of urban land green use efficiency in 48 districts and counties of the Wuhan metropolitan area from 2010 to 2020. [Results] (1) The green use efficiency of urban land in the Wuhan metropolitan area showed an increasing trend, and the average green use efficiency of urban land in the three zones showed the following characteristics: the core areas > areas close to the core > the periphery. (2) Through the agglomeration effect and the structural effect, scientific and technological innovation had a considerable impact on the urban land green use efficiency. (3) Urban heterogeneity affected the spatial spillover effect of scientific and technological innovation through the agglomeration and configuration of input factors. Finally, the mechanism of impact of scientific and technological innovation in the three major zones was different. In the core areas, scientific and technological innovation generated the agglomeration effect and structural effect to improve the green use efficiency of urban land. In the areas close to the core, scientific and technological innovation improved the green use efficiency of urban land only through the agglomeration effect. On the periphery, scientific and technological innovation inhibited the improvement of urban land green use efficiency. [Conclusion] Scientific and technological innovation can promote the green use efficiency of urban land in the Wuhan metropolitan area, but urban heterogeneity affected the spatial spillover effect of scientific and technological innovation and influenced the green use efficiency of urban land by affecting the concentration and allocation of factors.

  • HUANG Jian, FENG Shengbo, YANG Yang, HE Yanmin
    Download PDF ( ) HTML ( )   Knowledge map   Save

    [Objective] By reviewing the connotation and measurement methods of total factor energy efficiency, this study aimed to compare and verify the relevant factors and their changes and characteristics that affect the reliability of the measurement results. The conclusion of the study provides key support for improving the analysis of the technical efficiency of energy factors and other factors in production, carrying out energy conservation work, and achieving the goal of carbon peak in China. [Methods]Through the review of a large number of relevant publications, the connotation of total factor energy efficiency and related concepts, the methodology of total factor energy efficiency measurement, and the calculation results of existing representative studies were compared and analyzed. As a case study, we measured the total factor energy efficiency of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration in China, and verified the influencing factors and related characteristics of the calculated results. [Results] The results of literature review show that the concept of total factor energy efficiency is mixed with other energy efficiency concepts. Since energy consumption is highly linked to carbon emissions, simply including carbon emissions into undesirable output in the measurement method may lead to overestimation or underestimation of the total factor energy efficiency measurement results. The existing literature has great differences in the calculation results of total factor energy efficiency, or even completely opposite. The results of the case study show that the number of DMUs and the quality of input-output data have important effects on the total factor energy efficiency. However, technological heterogeneity has a greater impact on the regional differences in total factor energy efficiency than the differences in economic development levels. In addition, it is also verified that there is spatial autocorrelation in the measurement results of total factor energy efficiency in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, and its time trend is basically consistent with other relevant results. [Conclusion] It is necessary to strengthen the research on the connotation and methodology of total factor energy efficiency, especially to improve the analytical ability in dealing with unexpected output, technical heterogeneity, spatial autocorrelation and other aspects. And in the process of calculation to strengthen the input and output data and quality control; At the same time, the systematic analysis of the change characteristics of total factor energy efficiency should be strengthened.

  • FANG Dongli
    Download PDF ( ) HTML ( )   Knowledge map   Save

    [Objective] This study focused on the green development effect of the digital economy, analyzed the mechanism of impact of the digital economy on cities’ energy utilization efficiency from the perspective of digital technology empowerment and digital technology spillover, and provided empirical evidence and policy reference for making full use of the digital economy to improve the regional green development level. [Methods] The Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index method was used to measure the green total factor energy efficiency of 279 prefecture-level cities in the Chinese mainland from 2012 to 2017, which was taken as a proxy variable of city energy utilization efficiency. The fixed effect model was used to preliminarily analyze the total impact of the digital economy on city energy utilization efficiency, and the impact channels of digital economy technology effect were analyzed by decomposing energy utilization efficiency and using a spatial econometric model. [Results] The regression coefficient of the digital economy development index and city energy utilization efficiency is significantly positive, indicating that the digital economy can significantly promote the improvement of city energy utilization efficiency. The decomposition regression results of energy utilization efficiency index show that the digital economy had no significant impact on technological efficiency, but had a significant positive impact on technological progress. When the technological progress index is replaced by the number of green invention patents, and regress the digital economy development index, the regression coefficient of the digital economy development index is also significantly positive. These regression results show that the digital economy can improve the city energy utilization efficiency by improving the progress of green technology. The spatial econometric regression results show that the direct effect of the digital economy on city energy utilization efficiency and energy technology progress was not significant, while the indirect effect was significantly positive, and the direct effect and indirect effect on energy technology efficiency were not significant, indicating that the digital economy mainly improved city energy utilization efficiency through the dissemination of green technology. The regression results of the heterogeneity analysis show that the regression coefficient of the digital economy development index and the energy utilization efficiency of cities with smaller population size and cities in western China was higher, indicating that the digital economy had a better effect on the cities with large space for energy utilization efficiency improvement. [Conclusion] The digital economy improved city energy utilization efficiency through technological progress and technology spillover, but it failed to work through the channel of green technology efficiency.

  • YAO Lu, WANG Shuhua, FAN Rui
    Download PDF ( ) HTML ( )   Knowledge map   Save

    [Objective] This study aimed to guide resource-based cities and non-resource-based cities to promote green total factor productivity through rational distribution of financial resources. [Methods] Using 153 non-resource-based cities and 113 resource-based cities in China as research samples and data from 2007-2019, the static panel model and panel threshold model were constructed to test the impact of financial agglomeration on green total factor productivity from the perspective of resource dependence. [Results] The results show that: (1) Overall, financial agglomeration was positively correlated with green total factor productivity in non-resource-based cities, while it was negatively correlated with green total factor productivity in resource-based cities. (2) When the resource-dependence perspective was not considered, the results of the panel threshold model with financial agglomeration as the threshold indicate that the financial agglomeration interval promoting the improvement of green total factor productivity in non-resource-based cities was [0.000, 0.475], while the financial agglomeration interval inhibiting the improvement of green total factor productivity in resource-based cities was [0.000, 0.385] and [0.475, +∞]. (3) When resource dependence was considered, the results of the panel threshold model based on resource dependence indicate that there was no significant threshold effect in non-resource-based cities. In resource-based cities, when the resource dependence degree was greater than 0.018, financial agglomeration had a inhibitory effect on green total factor productivity. (4) In the growing, mature, and declining resource-based cities, financial agglomeration was negatively correlated with green total factor productivity, but in the renewable resource-based cities, financial agglomeration was positively correlated with green total factor productivity. [Conclusion] In the process of planning financial resource agglomeration, local governments should take into account the degree of regional resource dependence and make policies based on local conditions, so as to create favorable conditions for promoting the improvement of green total factor productivity of non-resource-based cities and resource-based cities.

  • PENG Zhongyi, SUN Liming
    Download PDF ( ) HTML ( )   Knowledge map   Save

    [Objective] This study aims to explore the internal mechanism of big data-driven modernization of national mineral resource security strategic management, and provide reference for promoting the modernization of China’s mineral resource security strategic management. [Methods] Based on the status quo of global mineral resource security strategy development and management, this paper reveals the situation of China’s mineral resources security, challenges and problems in strategic management. sorting out the theory and practice of big data applied in the field of mineral resource security management, systematically discussing the feasibility, internal logic, basic issues and research framework of the modernization of national mineral resource security strategic management driven by big data driving, and proposing main research topics. [Results] The technology, policy and experience of big data applied to government management are becoming mature, and the data foundation of mineral resource security is sound. It is feasible for big data to drive the modernization of national mineral resources security strategy management. Big data-driven national mineral resource security strategic management can effectively promote the diversification of mineral resource security strategic management subjects, scientific and precise decision-making, synergy of early warning and disposal, and systematically solve the practical problems of China’s mineral resource security strategic management. Using big data to drive the modernization of the national mineral resources security strategy management, the core is to solve the two basic problems of “creating” big data and “using” big data. The research framework can be constructed from three levels of "theoretical analysis-technical operation-countermeasure design. [Conclusion] The research on the modernization of national mineral resources security strategic management driven by big data can be further carried out from the direction of consolidating the foundation of big data, building a new decision-making system, reengineering systems and mechanisms, and improving the policy system.

  • SONG Yazhi, LI Yin, LI Zhongfei
    Download PDF ( ) HTML ( )   Knowledge map   Save

    [Objective] In order to help China’s iron and steel industry to enter the carbon emission trading market, previous studies have mainly allocated carbon quotas for iron and steel enterprises from the perspective of the impact of cost. However, the iron and steel industry has large carbon emissions and complex production processes, and overemphasizing the impact of cost will easily reduce the benefits of emission reduction, which is not conducive to promoting the low-carbon transformation of iron and steel enterprises. Based on the carbon emission reduction efficiency and output efficiency, this study aimed to design a carbon quota allocation scheme that conforms to the current development situation of China’s iron and steel industry. [Methods] This study reviewed the production steps of different iron and steel production processes, took carbon quota as the necessary raw material for continuous production of each steps, and reconstructed the iron and steel production processes. By superposing carbon quota, an input-output stochastic frontier model was constructed, and the estimation formula of production efficiency and carbon quota efficiency of the iron and steel industry was obtained. Comparing the impact of different carbon quota reference values on the output rate of the iron and steel production processes, and taking efficiency improvement rate as the selection standard, this study determined the cross-regional carbon quota baselines of China’s iron and steel industry. [Results] Compared with the historical emission method, benchmarking is more suitable for the carbon quota allocation of China’s iron and steel industry. The carbon quota baselines of China’s iron and steel industry should be set in the top [30%, 50%] range of the industry, and the optimal baseline should be set in the top 40% of the industry. When the carbon emission is greater than the top 50% of the industry, the production rate of the iron and steel industry decreases with the increase of the carbon emission baseline. Incorporating the iron and steel industry into China’s carbon emission trading scheme by the benchmarking method will help this industry to both save carbon tariffs and obtain a carbon market share. [Conclusion] Allocating carbon quotas based on output efficiency can help improve the efficiency of emission reduction in the iron and steel industry, and stimulate the potential of independent emission reduction in this industry. Extending the quota allocation method of this study will help the whole process of decarbonization in China’s iron and steel industry.

  • TAN Xueping, GENG Yong, XIAO Shijiang, CHEN Wei
    Download PDF ( ) HTML ( )   Knowledge map   Save

    [Objective] Lutetium is one of the key minerals for the global new materials industry, and clarifying the metabolic process and dynamic evolution of lutetium resources in the socioeconomic system is an important basis for securing the supply of lutetium resources in China. [Methods] Using dynamic material flow analysis, this study quantitatively portrayed the material metabolism panorama of lutetium resources in China from 2011 to 2020, traced the flow patterns and key drivers of lutetium resources in each stage of the whole life cycle, analyzed the in-use stock and end-of-life of lutetium resources, and proposed targeted recommendations for lutetium resource management. [Results] This study found that: (1) The consumption of lutetium resources in China continued to increase from 2011 to 2020, and the proportion of consumption in new industries such as nuclear medical devices and lasers was steadily increasing, with the fastest growth rate in the consumption of positron emission tomography equipment (PET), which is the “star” product of lutetium resources. (2) The lutetium industry was typically demand-driven, with emerging industrial policies stimulating end-product consumption and its structural evolution, and further driving the supply of upstream resources and midstream material. (3) China’s dependence on external lutetium resources has increased significantly since imports have become an important way to meet strong domestic demand, and international trade policies and geopolitical risks are important factors that affect the international trade pattern of lutetium resources. (4) The in-use stock in society and theoretical end-of-life of lutetium resources in China from 2011 to 2020 showed a linear rising trend, with considerable potential for secondary resource development. [Conclusion] Driven by the aging population and industrial policies, the emerging strategic value of lutetium resources in China is coming to the fore with diversified and high-end applications. However, the high international supply dependence of Chinese lutetium resources and the lack of a secondary lutetium resource recycling system present significant supply threats. Dynamic monitoring of the material flow of lutetium resources, upgrading the R&D and manufacturing capacity of high-end lutetium-based products, and developing secondary lutetium resources are expected to promote the sustainable development of China’s lutetium industry.

  • LI Yanqin, CUI Jiaqi, SHI Jiawei
    Download PDF ( ) HTML ( )   Knowledge map   Save

    [Objective] This study aimed to provide a guidance and theoretical support for the practice of rural revitalization by examining China’s tourism poverty alleviation experience. [Methods] Based on the theoretical framework of integrated rural tourism (IRT), this research analyzed the 90 Chinese cases in the World Tourism Alliance (WTA) best practice in poverty alleviation through tourism cases from 2018 to 2020 by the content analysis. NVivo11 pro was used for text processing and encoding of structured data. [Results] (1) We converted the IRT framework into a SQEI framework that is composed of speed, quality, extrinsic, and intrinsic dimensions, and established a tourism development model system of 4 categories and 10 subcategories; (2) Among the models of tourism poverty alleviation in China, the “extrinsic-quality” model of “enterprise + employment” accounted for the largest number and was the most widely distributed; (3) With regard to the spatial distribution of tourism poverty alleviation models, eastern China mainly adopted the “intrinsic-quality” model of “cooperative + employment”, central China mainly adopted the “extrinsic-speed” model of “village enterprise + industry”, and western China mainly adopted the “extrinsic-speed” model of “enterprise + industry”; (4) There were two paths for the evolution of tourism development models: the vertical evolution path, and the horizontal evolution path. The horizontal evolution path seeks to balanced development according to local conditions, while in the vertical path, the “cooperative + employment” model develops into the “enterprise + industry” model through the “village enterprise + industry” model in eastern China, or the “external enterprise + employment” model in western China. [Conclusion] (1) The SQEI poverty alleviation framework based on the IRT framework fits China’s situation better, and is a more suitable analytical framework for China’s tourism poverty alleviation experience; (2) Aiming to benefit the development of the poor population, the Chinese government mobilized various forces, and therefore China’s tourism poverty alleviation practice is characterized by government-led, external assistance, and high quality poverty alleviation; (3) In the evolution of tourism development models, the balanced development model of “enterprise + household + cooperative” is the ideal development model. In order to implement the rural revitalization strategy based on the effects of poverty alleviation, regions need to learn from their existing successful experience and use the advantages of tourism development to prevent poverty, be aware that the revitalization of a rural area should take into consideration its local conditions, and build a co-creation mechanism with multiple stakeholders in tourism development.

  • SU Mingming, WANG Menghan, YU Jingjuan, JIN Min
    Download PDF ( ) HTML ( )   Knowledge map   Save

    [Objective] Agricultural heritage systems represent the harmonious human-nature relationship developed through long history of agricultural practices. With residents as the key stakeholder in agricultural heritage sites, improvement of residents’ well-being is among the fundamental goals of sustainable development. With the potential to showcase the high ecological and cultural values of agricultural heritage systems, tourism is considered an important path for the sustainable development of agricultural heritage sites. Therefore, exploring tourism impacts on residents’ well-being is of great theoretical and practical significance in promoting high-quality development of agricultural heritage sites. [Methods] This study took Dayutang and Qingkou Villages of Hani Rice Terraces in Yuanyang County, Yunnan Province as case study sites. An evaluation index with a total of 18 indicators was constructed to measure residents’ well-being in agricultural heritage sites, including six dimensions of economic conditions, living environment, social relations, educational resources, health and safety, and conservation and development. A quantitative resident questionnaire survey and qualitative semi-structured interviews were engaged to measure and compare the level of residents’ well-being and tourism impacts on residents’ well-being. [Results] The results are as follows: First, the level of residents’ well-being in the agricultural heritage sites varied greatly, with the highest level of well-being at 0.8516 and the lowest at 0.2321, and the mean value was 0.5641. Second, factors such as participation in tourism development, annual household income, age of residents, and education level demonstrated significant effects on the level of residents’ well-being. Third, this study examined heterogeneity in the perceived impacts of tourism development among residents of different backgrounds. Perceived changes in economic conditions, living environment, and conservation and development demonstrated significant positive effects on the level of residents’ well-being. However, perceived changes in social relationships, educational resources, and health and safety had insignificant effects on the level of residents’ well-being. [Conclusion] Therefore, in the process of tourism development, local governments should encourage the intergration of new livelihoods to local residents’ traditional livelihoods and enhance their participation in agricultural heritage tourism, thus striving to achieve a balance for tourism development, agricultural heritage conservation and residents’ well-being.

  • CHANG Huayi, ZHANG Junbiao, HE Ke
    Download PDF ( ) HTML ( )   Knowledge map   Save

    [Objective] Accessing modern and clean energy can provide a win-win opportunity for rural households by improving the living standard and family welfare. But the energy transition in rural China is facing great challenges from the loss of local population caused by the large-scale rural-urban migration. This study focused on the typical informal off-farm employment in rural China and explored the impacts of household rural-urban migration and employment choices on their energy use decisions from a village attraction perspective, which provides a new livelihood explanation for the current energy transition issue. [Methods] The village attraction indicators were calculated based on the pooled cross-sectional data from the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) of 2010 to 2015. The intergenerational mobility indicators were calculated to measure the village attraction level in the sample counties. The direct and indirect impacts of village attraction on household energy transition were explored based on a dataset from the CGSS of 2015. Causal mediation analysis was employed to test the mechanism of informal off-farm employment. Permutation test was employed to measure the intergenerational differences in the effects. [Results] The higher the village attraction level, the higher ratio of gas and electricity in energy consumption a household accepted (direct effect). Local informal off-farm employment played an important mediation role in the effects of village attraction on rural household clean energy acceptance (indirect effect). The significant direct and indirect effects were robust when the explained variables changed from energy use structure to clean energy equipment acceptance. But there were no interactive effects of village attraction and informal off-farm employment on household energy transition. The younger residents who were born after 1970 were more likely to engage in local informal off-farm employment, which promoted their acceptance of clean energy. The effects of women’s off-farm employment were not significant in any generation. [Conclusion] This study highlighted the important role of village attraction in rural energy transition. The households, especially younger households, living in more attractive villages were more likely to engage in informal off-farm employment. The local off-farm employment of young people was an essential driver for rural energy transition. The results illustrate the significance of rebuilding village prosperity and attracting more young adults to engage in local employment to promote the transformation to clean energy use. These findings contribute to enriching the research on rural sustainable development.

  • WU Xixi, ZHANG Qiangqiang, HUO Xuexi, MA Hongyu
    Download PDF ( ) HTML ( )   Knowledge map   Save

    [Objective] Agricultural management on a large scale is an important way to promote the modernization of agriculture. Under the national condition that agricultural production is dominated by small-scale farmers, their willingness to scaled operation is the fundamental prerequisite for the realization of large-scale agricultural production and agricultural modernization. The purpose of this study was to analyze the key factors that influence apple growers’ willingness to scaled operation and its formation mechanism from the perspective of asset specificity, considering the operation characteristics of perennial apple crops. [Methods] Based on the micro-survey data of 1069 apple growers in Shandong and Shaanxi Provinces, an ordered logit model and a moderated mediation model were used to empirically test the impact of asset specificity on farmers’ willingness to scaled operation, and the mediation role of risk preference and the moderating role of climate change perception in the mediation role of risk preference. [Results] (1) Farmers’ willingness to manage apple production on a large scale was weak, and only 12.20% of the sample farmers were willing to expand their scale of operation. (2) High asset specificity significantly promoted farmers’ willingness to scaled operation, mainly through land asset specificity, geographic location specificity, and physical asset specificity, and the former two played a greater role, while human capital specificity inhibited farmers’ willingness to scaled operation. (3) Risk preference played a positive mediation role in the relationship between asset specificity and farmers’ willingness to scaled operation, that is, high asset specificity enhanced farmers’ willingness to scaled operation by increasing their aversion to the risk of loss. (4) Climate change perception had a moderating effect on the mediation role of risk preference, that is, with the improvement of farmers’ climate change perception level, high asset specificity was easier to induce farmers’ willingness to scaled operation by enhancing farmers’ loss risk aversion. [Conclusion] It is necessary to encourage farmers with high asset specificity to scaled operation. By establishing and improving agricultural insurance, agricultural product futures market, and related supporting policies, the formal risk avoidance mechanism in agriculture can be improved. The location advantages of crop eugenic areas can be strengthened through promoting the accumulation of farmers’ agricultural specific assets in such areas.

  • CHEN Dongjun, YU Hu, ZHONG Linsheng, LIU Dejun
    Download PDF ( ) HTML ( )   Knowledge map   Save

    [Objective] National parks take ecological protection as their primary function and give consideration to the comprehensive coordination of regional economy and society. Promoting regional coordinated development is the mandate and important way of national park development. This article aims to explore the coordination relationship and driving mechanism between national park construction and regional ecology, economy, and society. [Methods] Taking Shennongjia Forest District as an example and based on the regional ecological-economic-social evaluation systems, comparative analyze Shennongjia Forest District’s ecology, economy, and society before and after the construction of Shennongjia National Park, and discuss the relationship and driving mechanism between national park construction and the forest’s development with coupled and coordinated development model. [Results] The results show that: (1) During the study period from 2014 to 2020, the ecological, economic, and social conditions of Shennongjia Forest District were significantly improved, and the evaluation index values increased from 0.132, 0.107, and 0.166 to 0.438, 0.213, and 0.240, indicating the positive impact of national park construction on forest’s development; (2) The coupling degree of the ecological, economic, and social systems in the forest district remained at a high level with an average value of 0.988, and the coordination level had been improved from initial uncoordinated to somehow coordinated (from 0.359 to 0.551), indicating that the construction of the national park had promoted the coordinated development of the ecology, economy, and society in the forest district; (3) The reform of the national park system had promoted the optimization of the spatial and structural allocation of forest land, resource utilization methods, and investment priorities, and had been constantly coupled with regional ecological, economic, and social developments in terms of ecological protection, community development, and cultural service function construction. The improvement of the service function of the national park had also promoted the coordinated development of the region. [Conclusion] This research verified the positive impact of national park construction on regional coordinated development, and provides a scientific reference for national park construction and regional coordinated development.

  • CHANG Yu, SUN Yehong, YANG Hailong, CHENG Jiaxin, WANG Bojie
    Download PDF ( ) HTML ( )   Knowledge map   Save

    [Objective] This study explored the paths for different types of farmers in agricultural heritage sites to realize the value of ecological products through tourism, aiming to provide a scientific basis for the realization of ecological product values in agricultural heritage sites. [Methods] Based on the theories of farmer behavior and ecosystem services and using data from 51 semi-structured in-depth interviews through field investigation of the Dancong tea culture system in Chaozhou City of Guangdong Province, and combined with the framework of sustainable livelihood analysis and the ability of community residents to participate in tourism, this study constructed a livelihood capital measurement indicator system for the tourism value realization of ecological products in the agricultural heritage site from the farmers’ perspective, which includes 21 secondary indicators. Then, this study used entropy method to evaluate the capital held by different types of farmers, and further discussed whether there are significant differences between the capitals held by different types of farmers by one-way ANOVA. [Results] (1) Economic capital and physical capital are the dominant capitals for farmers to participate in tourism in the alpine tea-growing areas. The dominant capital of farmers in the F1 site in low mountain tea-growing areas is natural capital, while the dominant capitals of farmers in the F2 site in low mountain tea-growing areas is human capital and sociocultural capital. (2) Among the five major capitals, there are significant differences in economic capital and physical capital between farmers in high mountain tea-growing areas and low mountain tea-growing areas. With regard to economic capital, there is a significant difference between farmers in high mountain tea-growing areas and the F1 site farmers in low mountain tea-growing areas. In terms of physical capital, the difference between farmers in high mountain tea-growing areas and the F1 site farmers in low mountain tea-growing areas is extremely significant, and the difference between farmers in high mountain tea-growing areas and the F2 site farmers in low mountain tea-growing areas is significant. (3) Farmers in alpine tea-growning areas and low mountain tea-growning areas can be further categorized into three representative types: strong economic capital-weak natural capital, strong natural capital-weak economic capital, and strong human capital-strong sociocultural capital types. According to the characteristics of capital and the level of tourism development, three value realization paths of ecological products of agricultural heritage sites through tourism were proposed. [Conclusion] Tourism plays an important role in realizing the multi-functional value of agricultural heritage and enhancing its inheritance and utilization. Different types of farmers in agricultural heritage sites hold different livelihood capital, so they can realize the tourism value of ecological products through different capital combinations, thus helping farmers to better realize the economic benefits of ecological products, enhance their livelihood resilience, promote farmers' awareness of ecological protection and heritage protection, and feed back ecosystem restoration and heritage protection with economic benefits.

  • BAI Yunxiao, FENG Yuqing, LIU Moucheng
    Download PDF ( ) HTML ( )   Knowledge map   Save

    [Objective] In 2002, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) launched the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System (GIAHS) initiative, which aims to protect germplasm resources, knowledge, technology, and eco-wisdom contained. While positive progress has been made over the past 20 years, there has been a lack of clarity regarding the underlying resources of agricultural heritage system (AHS). The purpose of this study was to explore the methods for identifying potential areas of AHS with a model, and to provide data support for further study on AHS. [Methods] In this study, the maximum entropy model was used to identify potential areas of AHS from the perspective of traditional germplasm resources. Taking Chinese jujube as an example, through parameter setting and model screening, the study area was divided into four potential classes, and the first potential distribution map of jujube-AHS in China was developed. We used the coordinates of the 135 sample points of traditional jujube germplasm resources, and collected a total of 67 environmental variables for three types of resource endowments. We also input the coordinates of the seven existing jujube-GIAHS and jujube-NIAHS in China into the model for reliability test. [Results] The study chose the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve method to evaluate the accuracy of the Maxent model simulation, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the model is 0.978 for the training set and 0.981 for the test set, indicating that the prediction is very satisfactory. The results show that the potential areas of jujube-AHS are mainly concentrated in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan, and Shandong Provinces are the regions with more concentrated distribution of high potential and medium potential areas, among which Hebei Province has the largest high potential area in China. Linyi County, Yanhu County, Xian County, and Wei County are among the 20 high-potential counties for the construction of jujube-AHS, and are the focus areas for the next step exploration and conservation. [Conclusion] The methodology proposed in this study helps to identify the background resources of China’s agricultural heritage system at the national level and lay the foundation for its further exploration, protection, and use. It also can be adopted for the identification of other germplasm resource types of agricultural heritage systems to preserve the traditional agricultural systems.

  • DAI Ruilian, DOU Haojian, ZHANG Jia, WANG Cheng
    Download PDF ( ) HTML ( )   Knowledge map   Save

    [Objective] To deconstruct the connotation of rural multi-value, measure the level of rural multi-value in Chongqing, and provide theoretical support and practical guidance for further promoting rural revitalization in Chongqing. [Methods] Based on the relevant vector data and attribute data of Chongqing rural area in 2020, the weight is determined by the coefficient of variation method. This paper constructs a rural multi-value evaluation model to measure the level of rural multi-value in 37 counties of Chongqing and analyzes its spatial pattern. [Results] In 2020, the rural multi-values in Chongqing generally presented a spatial pattern of high in the south and low in the north, with high value agglomerations but low value areas were dispersed.Specifically, the rural economic value presents the spatial characteristics of “high in the west and low in the east”; The rural social value presents the spatial characteristics of “high in the west and low in the east”; The rural ecological value presents the spatial characteristics of “gradually decreasing from northeast and southeast of Chongqing to west”; The rural cultural value presents a spatial pattern of “high value dotted with low value contiguous distribution”. With the help of the trend analysis method of ArcGIS, the results show that the rural multi-value in Chongqing is “raised in the middle and low at both ends” in the east-west direction, while it is “high at both ends and low in the middle” in the north-south direction. Following the rural revitalization idea of “zoning-scribing-focusing”, Chongqing is divided into nine rural revitalization types: metropolitan area-low ecological value, metropolitan area-low social value, metropolitan area-low cultural value, ecological conservation development area in Northeast Chongqing-low economic value, ecological conservation development area in Northeast Chongqing-low ecological value, ecological conservation development area in Northeast Chongqing-low cultural value, ecological protection development area in Southeast Chongqing-low economic value, ecological protection development area in Southeast Chongqing-low cultural value, ecological protection development area in Southeast Chongqing-low social value. According to different types of villages, this paper puts forward specific revitalization paths. [Conclusion] Taking the rural space as the medium, this paper discusses the essence and characterization of rural multi-value, and constructs an evaluation index system to measure the level of rural multi-value in Chongqing Through the classification of types, this paper puts forward the research results of rural revitalization path, which can provide theoretical support and practical guidance for Chongqing to stimulate rural endogenous development momentum and promote rural revitalization.