Water resource evaluation and pricing is the foundation for the preparation of a water resource balance sheet, urban water supply price determination and water rights transactions. This paper applied fuzzy mathematics evaluation methods and constructed the index system from the aspects of water supply, water demand and water quality. In selecting representative indexes, it both reflected the water intrinsic value and considered data availability to endow operationality and applicability. Based on the proposed evaluation model, we selected 32 large and medium cities in China as research subjects to evaluate the value of water resources according to water prices that reflect citizens’ ability to pay. It is found that the water resource value in China shows obvious spatial distribution characteristics - water resource value in northern cities is generally higher than t southern cities, reflecting the spatial distribution of water resource supply and regional gaps in economic and social development. For instance, Zhengzhou, Taiyuan and Qingdao have higher value than Guangzhou, Changsha and Fuzhou from the perspective of water supply side; Yinchuan, Nanjing and Zhengzhou have high value than Chongqing, Hangzhou and Guiyang from the water demand side. A higher water resource means the according city either encounters limited water supply or requires plenty of water to satisfy development. Zhengzhou and Yinchuan have the highest comprehensive water resource values; the water shortage situation in 12 cities such as Taiyuan, Shenyang and Shijiazhuang is grim. By pricing water resources, Beijing is the city with the highest water price at 28.7 CNY/ton; followed by Qingdao, Jinan, Shanghai and Taiyuan, with price higher than 15 CNY/ton. Water prices in Chongqing, Guiyang and Nanning are relatively low at 5 CNY/ton.