宅基地多功能演变与形成机理

doi:10.18402/resci.2021.07.14

Abstract

Abstract:

Exploring the function change law of rural homestead can deepen the study of land use function change and provide a scientific basis for formulating an effective rural homestead management system. This paper constructs a multi-function classification system of “social security—profit—retention” for rural homestead. Based on the two-phase survey data of 613 typical farmer households, the kernel density method and multivariate logistic regression model are used to analyze the multifunction characteristics of rural homestead in typical counties in metropolitan suburbs. The formation of key factors reveals the formation mechanism of the function of rural homestead under the comprehensive action of "farmers-rural homestead-village". Research shows: (1) From 2005 to 2018, the social security function of rural homestead showed a significant weakening trend, while the profit function and retention function showed an increasing trend, the functional structure changed from 83.2%:6.9%:9.9% to 71.8%:10.6%:17.6. (2) The social security function has been continuously strengthened in the economically backward mountainous areas, it reflects the dependence of regional farmers on their residential security, and the spatial form has evolved from strip-band to patch-area. In order to meet the needs of leisure agriculture and tourism, the income function is concentrated in the plain area with good economy and the suburban mid-level mountains, and the distribution pattern evolves from point to point to strip expansion. However, the retention function is strengthened in mid-level mountainous areas, and the form is decentralized from piece-plane to point-band, which reflects the increase of rural households' working outside and their expectation on the potential value of rural homestead. (3) From the perspective of farmers household, village characteristics such as location, economy and terrain are the triggering factors of multifunctional formation of rural homestead; farmer households characteristics such as family members, the size and structure of revenue are active factors for multifunctional formation of rural homestead; the characteristics of rural homestead such as location, size and construction age are restrictive factors, which affect the degree and direction of the multifunctional evolution. In the construction of new rural communities and the reform of rural homestead system, it should follow the law of the evolution and differentiation of rural homestead, and take measures according to the difference system of the comprehensive characteristics of village-peasant household and rural homestead.

Key words: rural homestead, farmer households survey, function evolution, multinomial logistic regression, formation mechanism, Pinggu District of Beijing

ZHAO Qinglei, MA Wenqiu, QU Yanbo, JIANG Guanghui. Multifunctional evolution and formation mechanism of rural homestead[J].Resources Science, 2021, 43(7): 1454-1466.

Figures/Tables 9

Table 1

Figure 1

Figure 2

Table 2

Figure 3

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

In?uencing factors on function formation of rural homestead

影响因素		变量描述	收益功能			留置功能
影响因素		变量描述	$β$	$exp (β)$		$β$	$exp (β)$
村庄	村庄区位I₁₁/(1/km)	村委会到区委政府测量距离的倒数	4.14	62.77***		0.30	0.74
	村庄经济I₁₂/万元	近3年村集体的平均收入	0.34	1.40*		-0.13	0.88*
	地形I₁₃	平原=3,半山区=2,山区=1	-0.02	0.98*		-6.21	0.002*
宅基地	宅基地位置I₂₁	主路=4,一般道路=3,村庄内部=2,村庄边缘=1	0.54	1.72***		-0.92	0.40
	宅基地面积I₂₂/m²	农户宅基地总面积	1.47	4.33*		0.39		1.47
	建设年代I₂₃/年	(0, 5]=1,(5, 10]=2,(10, 20]=3,(20, 30]=4,(30, 40]=5	-0.19	0.83		1.00		2.71*
家庭	非农收入比重I₃₁/%	非农收入在农户家庭总收入中比重	1.54	4.67	0.58	1.78**
家庭	实际耕种面积I₃₂/hm²	实际耕种的农地面积	-2.12	0.12*	-0.40		0.67
户主	年龄I₄₁/岁	(0, 30]=1,(30, 45]=2,(45, 60]=3,(60, 100]=4	0.29	1.33	-0.24	0.79*
	受教育水平I₄₂	小学及以下=1,初中=2,高中或职业学校=3,大学及以上=4	0.39	1.47	0.55		1.74*
	职业I₄₃	无业=1,务农=2,兼农=3,临时工=4,个体经营=5,正式工作=6	-1.24	0.29*	1.23		3.42***

Table 5

Figure 4

References 43

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功能类型	识别方法及说明
社会保障功能（SSF）	村集体依据法律给本集体经济组织成员无偿分配宅基地,用于其建造住房,保障农民居住权。农户仅有一处宅基地,且用于自住,包括虽然在城中租房居住而使宅基地周期性闲置,但城中无房产的情况
收益功能（PF）	农户宅基地存在流转或者兼作工商业活动,即宅基地使用权人通过出售、出租、经营等方式获取宅基地的级差收益
留置功能（RF）	农户有两处及以上宅基地,或者已在城中买房,从而导致至少有一处宅基地为闲置状态。但由于个人对宅基地感情、潜在资产价值实现期望以及宅基地退出机制缺失而宁愿保留的情况

村庄区位		T₁		T₂		T₃		T₄		T₅		T₆
村庄区位		数量	比例/%	数量	比例/%	数量	比例/%	数量	比例/%	数量	比例/%	数量	比例/%
村委会到区政府距离/km	（0, 5]	9	40.9	3	6.1	1	50	40	9.1	12	28.6	12	20.2
	（5, 10]	3	13.7	5	10.2	0	0	57	13.0	11	26.2	9	15.3
	（10, 20]	7	31.8	6	12.3	1	50	120	27.3	7	16.7	21	35.6
	（20, 30]	2	9.1	23	46.9	0	0	141	32.1	7	16.6	8	13.6
	（30, 40]	1	4.5	12	24.5	0	0	81	18.5	5	11.9	9	15.3

农户类型	划分标准		比例/%	宅基地功能演变类型/处
农户类型	兼业收入差	非农劳动收入	比例/%	T₁	T₂	T₃	T₄	T₅	T₆
农业主导型	–	0~20%	39.15	2	4	0	219	3	12
农工兼具型	+	>20%~50%	36.05	5	13	1	160	24	18
非农主导型	+	>20%~50%	24.80	15	32	1	60	15	29

Multifunctional evolution and formation mechanism of rural homestead

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年份	区域	社会保障功能/处	强度/%	收益功能/处	强度/%	留置功能/处	强度/%
2005	全区	510	83.2	42	6.9	61	9.9
	平原区	103	78.0	14	10.6	15	11.4
	半山区	309	85.3	22	6.1	31	8.6
	山区	98	82.4	6	5.0	15	12.6
2018	全区	440	71.8	65	10.6	108	17.6
	平原区	97	73.5	21	15.9	14	10.6
	半山区	251	69.3	31	8.6	80	22.1
	山区	92	77.3	13	10.9	14	11.8

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