中国水资源投入的“拥塞效应”研究

doi:10.18402/resci.2020.02.12

Abstract

Abstract:

Under the framework of total factor production, this study defined the concept of water resources input congestion. Based on the FGL (F?re, Grosskopf, and Lovell) model, this study identified the “congestion” of water resources input in 31 provinces of China’s mainland from 2000 to 2016, separated the inefficiency caused by water resources input congestion from the overall inefficiency and clarified the root causes of inefficiency. The results show that：(1) The congestion of water resources input is widespread in China. During the study period, the congestion degree of the provinces changed from low to high and agglomeration to dispersed, and the spatial differences of the congestion degree of water resources input among the provinces were significant. Among them, Beijing, Zhejiang, Guangdong and other provinces and cities had low congestion degree. On the whole, the central and western regions with unbalanced input structure was more prone to congestion than the eastern regions with high level of economic development. (2) The overall inefficiency of water resources utilization in Chinese provinces presented different trends. Most provinces were jointly driven by congestion inefficiency and pure technology inefficiency. From the inter-provincial and regional perspective, the ineffectiveness rate of pure technology was the dominant factor. Inefficiency of congestion was also an important factor affecting the overall inefficiency. The government should clarify the root causes of inefficiency, adjust the input factor structure in a timely manner based on local conditions, propose improvement directions for water resources utilization, and improve water use efficiency in order to promote sustainable economic development.

Key words: total-factor water efficiency, DEA model, FGL model, congestion, China

SUN Caizhi, WANG Chen. Research on the “congestion effect” in China’s water resources input[J].Resources Science, 2020, 42(2): 334-345.

Figures/Tables 8

Table 1

Table 2

Input congestion of water resources in 31 provinces of China’s mainland, 2000-2016"

地区	2000	2002	2004	2006	2008	2010	2012	2014	2016	平均值
北京	0.004	0.002	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.001
天津	0.000	0.012	0.016	0.012	0.000	0.000	0.005	0.017	0.000	0.008
河北	0.000	0.017	0.055	0.081	0.085	0.064	0.052	0.042	0.039	0.048
辽宁	0.000	0.000	0.027	0.079	0.072	0.054	0.061	0.070	0.206	0.060
上海	0.016	0.014	0.005	0.002	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.005
江苏	0.000	0.000	0.002	0.033	0.024	0.015	0.009	0.028	0.051	0.016
浙江	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
福建	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.015	0.017	0.110	0.002	0.000	0.000	0.005
山东	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.017	0.028	0.026	0.019	0.012	0.023	0.013
广东	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
海南	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.004	0.026	0.043	0.040	0.021	0.014	0.016
山西	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.010	0.012	0.008	0.005	0.001	0.004
吉林	0.000	0.057	0.083	0.105	0.096	0.074	0.117	0.166	0.245	0.104
黑龙江	0.064	0.101	0.116	0.129	0.147	0.152	0.128	0.136	0.201	0.127
安徽	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.029	0.028	0.027	0.009
江西	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.005	0.033	0.048	0.047	0.042	0.020
河南	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.009	0.049	0.042	0.029	0.025	0.017
湖北	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.040	0.039	0.030	0.023	0.015
湖南	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.022	0.041	0.034	0.026	0.014
内蒙古	0.000	0.044	0.160	0.247	0.260	0.313	0.384	0.412	0.370	0.241
广西	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.025	0.051	0.042	0.035	0.016
重庆	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.044	0.038	0.026	0.020	0.012	0.015
四川	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.018	0.034	0.032	0.027	0.012
贵州	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.016	0.024	0.016	0.006
云南	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.034	0.032	0.024	0.010
西藏	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.032	0.066	0.067	0.046	0.032	0.014	0.029
陕西	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.005	0.022	0.020	0.013	0.036	0.011
甘肃	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.027	0.027	0.025	0.008
青海	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.004	0.034	0.024	0.015	0.020	0.117	0.020
宁夏	0.000	0.000	0.015	0.052	0.081	0.072	0.053	0.098	0.227	0.062
新疆	0.129	0.140	0.182	0.193	0.163	0.160	0.157	0.196	0.241	0.170
全国	0.007	0.012	0.021	0.033	0.038	0.043	0.049	0.052	0.067	0.035

Table 2

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Table 3

Table 4

Figure 4

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指标类型	指标选取	指标说明	单位
投入指标	劳动力投入	第一、二、三产业总从业人数	万人
	资本投入	资本存量^?（以2000年为不变价格折算）	亿元
	水资源	水足迹^?	亿m³
产出指标	经济产出	国内生产总值（GDP）（以2000年为不变价格折算）	亿元

类型	纯技术无效率主导型	拥塞无效率主导型
东部	北京、天津、上海、浙江、河北、福建、山东、海南、广东	辽宁、江苏
中部	山西、安徽、江西、河南、湖北、湖南	吉林、黑龙江
西部	广西、重庆、贵州、云南、陕西、甘肃、青海、宁夏、西藏	内蒙古、四川、新疆

Research on the “congestion effect” in China’s water resources input

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