基于城市热岛格局的绿地冷岛需求评估——以北京市朝阳区为例

doi:10.18402/resci.2019.08.13

Abstract

Abstract:

Urban green space is often used as an effective measure to mitigate urban heat island (UHI) effect through their cooling effect. Although abundant studies have observed the cool island phenomenon of urban green space, few studies estimated cool island demand in the context of urban heat island. This study built an empirical model of cool island demand on the basis of urban heat island spatial pattern, and estimated the demand level and configuration requirement of green space for UHI mitigation. The results indicate that in 2017, there existed about 6522 hm ² of heat islands with land surface temperature exceeding 40℃ in Chaoyang District. The number of urban heat island patches reached 619, concentrated in the southern part of Chaoyang District. The area of heat islands greatly increased from the western to the eastern part of the city. Approximately 6154 hm ² of cool islands were needed for the mitigation of the urban heat island effect. The area of high demand region for cool islands was 1054 hm ², distributed in Balizhuang of Chaoyang District. The moderate demand region reached 2021 hm ², located in Shuangjing, Jinsong, and Panjiayuan. The remaining 3079 hm ² belonged to the low demand region for cool islands, scattered in the district. In planned ecological land, urban green space cool island demand region should meet the requirement of greening area, community structure, and vegetation configuration, whereas the cool island demand area in the planned construction land should improve and utilize the cooling effect of adjacent green spaces.

Key words: urban heat island, cool island demand, urban green space, pattern, configuration, Chaoyang District of Beijing

Yunting SHI,Biao ZHANG,Jixi GAO,Yue TONG,Shanshan SHAO. Demand of urban green space cool islands based on heat island pattern: A case study of Chaoyang District of Beijing[J].Resources Science, 2019, 41(8): 1541-1550.

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温度等级	地温范围(T)	属性识别	热岛强度
高温区	45℃≤T≤51℃	热岛区	高强度热岛
中高温区	42℃≤T<45℃		中强度热岛
次高温区	40℃≤T<42℃		低强度热岛
中温区	35℃≤T<40℃	过渡区	-
低温区	26℃≤T<35℃	冷岛区	-

指标类别	具体指标/单位	指标权重（β）	需求分值（DIS）
指标类别	具体指标/单位	指标权重（β）	10	8	6	4	2
热岛斑块格局状况	热岛斑块温度(T)/℃	0.50	45≤ T≤51	42≤ T<45	40≤ T<42	35≤ T<40	26≤ T<35
	热岛斑块面积(A)/hm²	0.20	A≥100	50≤ A<100	10≤ A<50	1≤ A<10	A<1
	热岛斑块形状指数(S)	0.10	S≥4	3≤ S<4	2.5≤ S<3	1.85≤ S<2.5	S<1.85
热岛周边最近绿地状况^①	到绿地斑块距离(D)/m	0.08	D≥500	400≤ D<500	300≤ D<400	200≤ D<300	D<200
	绿地斑块面积/热岛面积(CH)	0.05	CH<0.2	0.2≤ CH<0.4	0.4≤ CH<0.6	0.6≤ CH<0.8	CH≥0.8
	绿地斑块所属类型^②	0.05	广场用地	附属绿地	防护绿地	公园绿地	区域绿地
	在绿地斑块的方位	0.02	-	东	北	南	西

斑块大小	面积(A)/hm²	斑块数量/个	面积占比/%
特大	A≥100	9	36.79
大型	50≤ A<100	16	16.51
中型	10≤ A<50	86	29.33
小型	1≤ A<10	298	16.25
微小	A<1	210	1.12

形状指数(S)	斑块数量/个	斑块面积/hm2	面积占比/%
S≥4.00	1	664.43	10.26
3.00≤S<4.00	3	851.26	13.14
2.50≤S<3.00	2	164.19	2.54
1.85≤S<2.50	17	1211.74	18.71
S<1.85	596	3584.61	55.35

需求等级	需求指数（DI）	需求面积/hm²	空间分布
高需求区	0.50≤ DI ≤0.95	1054	朝阳区南部,集中在小红门、十八里店、垡头、王四营等街道
中需求区	0.30≤ DI <0.50	2021	朝阳区南部,零散分布在东坝、酒仙桥等街道
低需求区	0.01≤ DI <0.30	3079	朝阳区内零散分布,与低强度热岛有较高重合

Demand of urban green space cool islands based on heat island pattern: A case study of Chaoyang District of Beijing

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绿地需求区地类	地类组成	面积/hm²	朝阳区冷岛需求区绿地配置要求
规划生态空间	公园绿地	212	以乔灌草或乔草型群落为主,三维绿量密度应≥5 m³/m²,群落郁闭度≥ 0.6,绿地斑块形状复杂且集中布局
	防护绿地	224	以乔灌草型常绿植被为主,建议三维绿量密度≥5 m³/m²,乔木林郁闭度0.6~0.85,可集中布局多个不规则小型条状绿地
	区域绿地	1902	可建设多种绿地群落,构建层次错落、结构复杂绿地,水体面积不宜超过50 hm2,绿量密度和郁闭度分别不低于5 m³/m²与0.6
规划建设空间	产业用地	901	绿地率不低于20%,建设丰富多样的植被群落,适度保障绿地绿量密度及郁闭度
	居住用地	1186	绿地率不低于30%,以乔灌草型绿地为主,绿地斑块形状应复杂化,并增加屋顶绿化及立体绿化
	公服用地	1729	绿地率不低于30%,以乔草型、灌草型为主,不宜建设大面积草坪,尽可能复杂化绿地斑块形状,并提高透水性地面比例

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