西伯利亚淡水资源格局与合作开发潜力分析

doi:10.18402/resci.2018.11.05

Abstract

Abstract:

Freshwater is the foundation of human survival and a global strategic resource. The Siberian region of Russia has a total area of 9.69 million km², which includes the Lake Baikal (~ 22% of the total surface freshwater resources), rivers with a total length of ~5 million km and large reservoirs. The large rivers such as Yenisei, Lena, and Ob are extremely rich in water resources. The average annual water resources in this area are 2350 km³, accounting for 55% of the total water resources in Russia. The hydropower resources are 1.556 trillion kilowatt hours, accounting for 65% of the total hydropower resources in Russia. The water transport resources are 56,500 km, accounting for 55.8% of the total water transport resources in Russia. This area is rich in water resources, while it is sparsely populated (less than 24 million people, accounting for only about 16% of the total Russian population). Therefore, this region demonstrates a low utilization of water resources, with great potential for development. Mountain Rivers in Siberian are rich in water resources. Therefore, the water power development has broad prospects. As the results of the global warming, the icing period of plain rivers in Siberian becomes shorter and the shipping capacity continues to increase. Additionally, under the background of severe water shortages in the surrounding areas of Siberian, the supply of freshwater resources to Central Asia, Mongolia, and northern China through virtual water trade or inter-basin water transfer indicate an important strategic significance and will promote the coordinated economic and social development of the region. With the implementation of the "Belt and Road Initiative" and the "China-Mongolia-Russia International Economic Corridor", China, Mongolia, and Russia have broad prospects for cooperation in hydropower and energy.

Key words: Russia, Siberia, water resources, cooperative development, inter-basin water transfer

Ping WANG, Tianye WANG, Guan WANG, Xuejing ZHANG, Zehong LI, L.A. Bezrukov. Spatial distribution and potential exploration of water resources in Siberia[J].Resources Science, 2018, 40(11): 2186-2195.

Figures/Tables 5

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俄联邦主体	面积 /万km²	人口 /万	多年平均水资源量/亿m³	历年最大水资源量/亿m³	历年最大水资源量年份	历年最小水资源量/亿m³	历年最小水资源量年份	人均水资源量/万m³
克拉斯诺亚尔斯克边疆区	237	287	9 302	12 802	1974	7 714	1956	33
萨哈（雅库特）共和国	308	96	8 811	10 725	1978	7 718	1972	93
秋明州	146	362	5 837	8 138	1979	4 275	1967	16
伊尔库茨克州	78	241	3 095	3 936	1938	2 524	1943	13
托木斯克州	31	108	1 823	2 383	1941	1 270	1968	17
哈卡斯共和国	6	54	977	1 308	1966	699	1945	18
布里亚特共和国	35	98	971	1 394	1973	679	1972	10
外贝加尔边疆区	43	108	756	1 099	1958	527	1954	7
新西伯利亚州	18	276	643	880	1938	429	1945	2
阿尔泰边疆区	17	238	551	830	1958	387	1974	2
图瓦共和国	17	32	455	604	1966	341	1945	14
克麦罗沃州	10	272	432	629	1941	268	1968	2
鄂木斯克州	14	198	413	690	1947	235	1951	2
阿尔泰共和国	9	22	340	506	1938	212	1945	16

Spatial distribution and potential exploration of water resources in Siberia

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