引入生态理念的农村居民点再利用研究

doi:10.18402/resci.2017.07.02

Abstract

Abstract:

The pattern of residential land recylcling in China's rural areas has changed into a simple cycle model,resulting in second abandonment after land consolidation and environmental pollution in some areas. Here we used ecological land as a new direction for rural residential land recycling under the ecological concept. We then built a recycling evaluation system with human-land multi-factors,and put forward a framework for evaluating the priority direction of residential land recycling to reduce idle cultivated land and improve the eco-environment. Using Fang County in Hubei as the empirical area, we establish cultivated land and forest land as examples of two priority rural residential recycling directions,and suggest the recycling of more than 400 pieces of rural residential land through a comparative study between the improved TOPSIS method and comprehensive scoring method. The result shows that potential reusable land has obvious regional characteristics and is mainly concentrated in towns with excellent or poor traffic location. However,the overall scale of potential land has been declining yearly,and the results of the two methods demonstrate that less than half（45.46% and 30.67%,respectively）of residential land is suitable for cultivation. The evaluation system is effective at a micro-level,and there is room to expand the dimensions of influencing factors and enrich the diversity of evaluation results. The recycling evaluation is particularly urgent and the diversity of evaluation methods makes it possible to flexibly determine the scale of reusable land,followed by the integration of the processes and indicators of various land consolidation projects. In the future study, we should focus on establishment of the evaluation framework through the whole process of residential land recycling, and take the factors influencing the recycling implementation into consideration.

Key words: residential land recycling, ecological concept, recycling evaluation, rural areas, Hubei

Feng XU, Zhanqi WANG, Hongwei ZHANG. Rural residential land recycling under the ecological concept[J].Resources Science, 2017, 39(7): 1238-1247.

Figures/Tables 6

Figure 1

Figure 2

Table 1

Table 2

Data source,scoring description and weights"

评价因子	数据来源	评分说明	权重
粮食作物亩产	2015房县统计年鉴^[32]	参照同类研究方法划分	0.067
灌溉保证率	叠加2015房县耕地质量等别分布图与居民点图层,提取与居民点图斑距离最近耕地图斑对应属性	参照2015房县耕地质量等别成果中对应指标因子分级方法,正向指标,数值越大评分越高	0.099
土壤有机质含量	同上	同上	0.086
表层土壤质地	同上	同上	0.067
pH值	同上	考虑主要农作物对PH值的敏感性,分别按照与适宜区间的接近程度划分	0.069
坡度	提取房县土地利用现状分布图中,与居民点图斑距离最近耕地图斑坡度属性值	依据数据分布情况划分,负向指标,数值越大评分越低	0.053
高程	叠加房县高程数据分布图与居民点图斑,提取对应高程数据	同上	0.029
距最近居民点距离	提取房县土地利用现状分布图中相应地类图层,空间计算各居民点图斑中心到相应地类图斑最小距离	依据实地调研、农户访谈、意愿调查结果划分,负向指标,数值越大评分越低	0.026
距最近耕地距离	同上	同上	0.007
距最近农村道路距离	同上	同上	0.024
房屋现状	各地块实地调查记录	依据客观情况划分,房屋越完好则整理难度加大,评分越低	0.181
城镇化率	2015房县统计年鉴^[32]各乡镇非乡村人口与总人口数量的比值	依据数据分布情况划分,正向指标,数值越大则耕作积极性越高,评分越高	0.036
粮食作物人均产量	2015房县统计年鉴^[32]	同上	0.047
人均政策性补贴额度	2015房县统计年鉴^[32]各乡镇政策性补贴总额与乡村人口数量的比值	同上	0.059
人均劳务性收入	2015房县统计年鉴^[32]各乡镇劳务性总收入与乡村从业人员数量的比值	依据数据分布情况划分,负向指标,数值越大则耕作积极性越低,评分越低	0.150

Table 2

Figure 3

Table 3

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类别	评价因子	因子评分等级
类别	评价因子	5	4	3	2	1
土地因素	粮食作物亩产/（kg/亩）	>300	300~250	250~200	200~150	≤150
	灌溉保证率	充分满足	-	一般或基本满足	-	无灌溉条件
	土壤有机质含量/（g/kg）	>25	25~20	20~15	15~10	≤10
	表层土壤质地	壤土	-	黏土	-	砂土
	pH值	6.0~7.0	-	5.5~6.0或7.0~7.5	-	≤5.5或>7.5
	坡度/°	≤2	2~6	6~15	15~25	>25
	高程/m	≤500	500~800	800~1 000	1 000~1 200	>1 200
区位条件	距最近居民点距离/m	≤50	50~200	200~500	500~1 000	>1 000
	距最近耕地距离/m	≤50	50~200	200~500	500~1 000	>1 000
	距最近农村道路距离/m	≤50	50~500	500~1 000	1 000~2 000	>2 000
个人因素	房屋现状	房屋已倒	-	无人居住	-	有人居住
	城镇化率	>0.25	0.25~0.20	0.20~0.15	0.15~0.10	≤0.10
	粮食作物人均产量/kg	>450	450~400	400~350	350~300	≤300
	人均政策性补贴额度/元	>500	500~400	400~300	300~200	≤200
	人均劳务性收入/元	≤10 000	10 000~13 000	13 000~16 000	16 000~20 000	>20 000

乡镇名	已复垦地块均面积/hm²	宜耕地块均面积/hm²		宜林地块均面积/hm²		宜耕地块面积占比/%		两种方法对比（TOPSIS/打分法）
乡镇名	已复垦地块均面积/hm²	TOPSIS	综合打分	TOPSIS	综合打分	TOPSIS	综合打分	宜耕地面积比	宜耕地数量比
城关镇	0.572	0.430	0.264	0.416	0.591	83.80	30.91	2.71/1	1.67/1
白鹤镇	0.431	0.295	0.298	0.340	0.304	87.63	66.86	1.31/1	1.32/1
红塔镇	1.688	0.393	0.393	-	-	100	100	1.00/1	1.00/1
军店镇	0.297	0.075	0.075	-	-	100	100	1.00/1	1.00/1
万峪河乡	0.294	0.245	0.239	0.383	0.363	29.90	20.44	1.46/1	1.43/1
尹吉甫镇	0.348	0.302	0.302	0.510	0.510	6.89	6.89	1.00/1	1.00/1
化龙堰镇	0.441	-	0.196	0.404	0.418	0	3.03	0.00/1	0.00/1
青峰镇	0.384	0.219	0.250	0.410	0.403	18.20	22.86	0.80/1	0.91/1
窑淮镇	0.307	0.174	0.153	0.101	0.166	89.64	31.42	2.85/1	2.50/1
沙河乡	0.358	0.223	0.208	0.451	0.416	41.10	30.82	1.33/1	1.24/1
土城镇	0.462	0.131	0.112	0.141	0.153	44.72	33.19	1.35/1	1.15/1
野人谷镇	2.701	0.243	0.115	0.252	0.299	89.69	14.15	6.34/1	3.00/1
中坝乡	0.336	0.171	0.136	0.348	0.218	77.42	22.09	3.50/1	2.80/1
门古寺镇	0.876	0.264	0.179	0.440	0.505	31.05	20.97	1.48/1	1.00/1
…
总体	0.520	0.217	0.203	0.329	0.309	45.46	30.67	1.48/1	1.39/1

Rural residential land recycling under the ecological concept

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