青藏高原景观生态风险的时空特征

doi:10.18402/resci.2020.09.09

Abstract

Abstract:

Using the land cover data of the Tibetan Plateau in 1992, 2001, 2008, and 2015 and ArcGIS 10.5 and Fragstats 4.2 software, this research built an ecological risk index based on landscape pattern and landscape vulnerability, and used geo-statistical analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis methods to conduct an ecological risk assessment for the Tibetan Plateau, then analyzed the spatiotemporal characteristics of landscape ecological risks. It provides a scientific basis for the prevention of land use ecological risks of the Tibetan Plateau. The results show that: (1) The distribution of landscape ecological risks on the Tibetan Plateau has an spatial aggregation effect. On the whole, the risk in the northwest is high, while it is low in the southeast. The spatial distribution of landscape ecological risks is closely related to the natural terrain of the Tibetan Plateau, which is mainly affected by the geographical conditions. (2) From 1992 to 2015, the landscape ecological risks of the Tibetan Plateau showed a downward trend, which is mainly manifested in the reduction of the high and the medium-high risk areas, and the expansion of the low and the medium-low risk areas. The main reason for this change is the influence of the warming and wetting process of the Tibetan Plateau and ecological construction on the land cover structure since the 1990s. (3) There are significant differences in the distribution and characteristics of landscape ecological risk change on the Tibetan Plateau. The regions with higher landscape ecological risk values mainly exist in the marginal areas where different terrains meet. Forest land has the highest proportion of low ecological risk areas, while barren land, glacier, and snow cover have the highest proportion of high ecological risk areas. The declining rate of barren land with high ecological risk grade was the highest, followed by grassland, which reflect that the change of barren land and grassland had the most significant impact on the landscape ecological risks of the Tibetan Plateau.

Key words: ecological risk assessment, landscape pattern, spatial autocorrelation, spatiotemporal characteristics, Tibetan Plateau

WANG Jie, BAI Wanqi, TIAN Guohang. Spatiotemporal characteristics of landscape ecological risks on the Tibetan Plateau[J].Resources Science, 2020, 42(9): 1739-1749.

Figures/Tables 8

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References 36

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生态风险等级	1992年		2001年		2008年		2015年
生态风险等级	面积/km²	比例/%	面积/km²	比例/%	面积/km²	比例/%	面积/km²	比例/%
低风险区	254232.9	9.87	253449.2	9.84	293864.9	11.41	292374.4	11.35
较低风险区	606501.5	23.54	595728.1	23.13	631298.3	24.51	639406.0	24.82
中等风险区	911477.6	35.38	963214.3	37.39	954706.9	37.06	970923.8	37.69
较高风险区	455490.0	17.68	448225.7	17.40	412036.5	16.00	378722.7	14.70
高风险区	348257.6	13.52	315342.4	12.24	284053.1	11.03	294532.8	11.43

生态风险等级		2015年不同生态风险等级区面积/km²
生态风险等级		低风险区	较低风险区	中等风险区	较高风险区	高风险区
1992年不同生态风险等级面积/km²	低风险区	253954.70	278.19	0.00	0.00	0.00
	较低风险区	38419.56	538572.30	29509.65	0.00	0.00
	中等风险区	0.00	100555.50	802184.00	8738.10	0.00
	较高风险区	0.00	0.00	139230.10	308338.40	7921.53
	高风险区	0.09	0.00	0.00	61646.22	286611.30

年份	耕地	林地	草地	湿地	建设用地	裸地
1992	0.00596	0.01268	0.10940	0.00134	0.000018	0.03600
	（0.00025）	（0.000424）	（0.000820）	（0.000130）	（0.000005）	（0.000923）
2001	0.00643	0.01303	0.10674	0.00132	0.000038	0.03519
	（0.000264）	（0.000433）	（0.000836）	（0.000128）	（0.000003）	（0.000915）
2008	0.00644	0.01299	0.10674	0.00133	0.000043	0.03458
	（0.000265）	（0.000433）	（0.000843）	（0.000128）	（0.000002）	（0.000917）
2015	0.00625	0.01291	0.10795	0.00136	0.000057	0.03379
	（0.000259）	（0.000432）	（0.000844）	（0.000130）	（0.000002）	（0.000911）
1992—2015年风险指数变化率/%	4.87	1.81	-1.33	1.49	216.67	-6.14

Spatiotemporal characteristics of landscape ecological risks on the Tibetan Plateau

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