“一带一路”倡议下中俄林业合作格局与资源潜力研究

doi:10.18402/resci.2018.11.02

Abstract

Abstract:

Russia is an important partner of China's “the Belt and Road” initiative and an important part of “the Silk Road Economic Belt. ” Russia's forest resources and reserves are in the forefront of the world, and have long been the main source of imports of timber resources in China. This study has carried out the characterization of the key directions, cooperation main bodies and main regions of Sino-Russian forest resources cooperation, main areas and models, variety structure of timber resources, the quantity and flow direction of Sino-Russian timber resource trade, variety structure, and timber resource transportation channel and further identified the problems in the corporations of Sino-Russian timber resources. It is noted that the historical and realistic analysis of the pattern of Sino-Russian forest resources cooperation was evaluated. A systematic study was carried out from the aspects of spatial distribution of forest resources, tree species structure, proportion of recoverable forests, infrastructure and technical conditions for forest resource development, and investment environment for Russian forest resource development policies. Through data analysis and demonstration, the resource potential, key areas, key areas of cooperation, and feasible models of Sino-Russian forestry cooperation development under “the Belt and Road” initiative were clarified. Meanwhile, it is pointed out that Sino-Russian forestry cooperation and development should fully consider the impact of local industrial policies, environmental protection and various regulations, take into account the interests of all parties, and achieve mutual benefit and win-win cooperation in forestry cooperation and development between the two countries. It is essential to further strengthen the forestry cooperation at all levels of China and Russia, actively build various forms of wood processing industrial parks, explore various cooperation modes, integrate various resources, and improve the competitiveness of forestry enterprises.

Key words: the Belt and Road, Sino-Russian, forestry cooperation, resource potential

Yulong YAO, Bin SHAO, Zehong LI. Sino-Russian forestry cooperation pattern and resource potential under "the Belt and Road" initiative[J].Resources Science, 2018, 40(11): 2153-2167.

Figures/Tables 12

Figure 1

Figure 2

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Table 7

Table 8

Table 9

Table 10

References 44

[1]	陈明珍, 焦海静, 刘燕娜. 中俄木质林产品贸易的现状、新态势及对策[J]. 中国林业经济, 2014, (4): 38-42.
	[Chen M Z, Jiao H J, Liu Y N.Status, new situation and countermeasures of China and Russian wood forest product trade[J]. China Forestry Economy, 2014, (4): 38-42. ]
[2]	唐帅, 宋维明. 中俄林业合作面临的形势和发展趋势[J]. 国际经济合作, 2013, (11): 52-55.
	[Tang S, Song W M.The situation and trend of China-Russian forestry cooperation[J]. International Economic Cooperation, 2013, (11): 52-55. ]
[3]	姚予龙, 张新亚. 俄罗斯森林资源开发潜力与中俄合作的重点领域[J]. 资源科学, 2012, 34(9): 1806-1814.
	[ Yao Y, Zhang X Y.Russian forest resources development potential and key areas of China-Russian cooperation[J]. Resource Science, 2012, 34(9): 1806-1814. ]
[4]	安东诺娃Н Е, 林琳. 俄罗斯远东林业产业集群: 俄中合作的现实与潜力[J]. 西伯利亚研究, 2015, 42(3): 25-29.
	[Antonova Н Е, Lin L.Russian far eastern forestry industry cluster: the reality and potential of Russian-China cooperation[J]. Siberian Studies, 2015, 42(3): 25-29. ]
[5]	许俊杰. 论中俄林业经济合作[J]. 中国林业企业, 1996, (6): 16-18.
	[ Xu J J.On Sino-Russian forestry economic cooperation[J]. China Forestry Enterprises, 1996, (6): 16-18. ]
[6]	钟明, 宋魁. 加强黑龙江省同俄罗斯西伯利亚与远东林业合作的思考[J]. 林业科技, 1999, (3): 53-55.
	[ Zhong M, Song K.Strengthening the cooperation between Heilongjiang Province and Russia's Siberia and far east forestry[J]. Forestry Science and Technology, 1999, (3): 53-55. ]
[7]	孙托宁. 中俄林业合作的机遇[J]. 国际经济合作, 2000, (11): 57-59.
	[ Sun T N.Opportunities for Sino-Russian forestry cooperation[J]. International Economic Cooperation, 2000, (11): 57-59. ]
[8]	施坦贝格A B. 中俄在西伯利亚和远东林业合作的前景[J]. 东欧中亚市场研究, 2001, (12): 53-54.
	[ Steinberg A B.The prospect of Sino-Russian forestry cooperation in Siberia and the Far East[J]. Eastern and Central Asian Market Research, 2001, (12): 53-54. ]
[9]	孙建. 中俄林业合作的现状及前景展望[J]. 林业经济, 2003, (2): 56-57.
	[ Sun J.Current situation and prospects of Sino-Russian forestry cooperation[J]. Forestry Economics, 2003, (2): 56-57. ]
[10]	贾雪池. 俄罗斯森林法典的修订及启示[J]. 林业经济, 2007, (6): 78-80.
	[ Jia X C.Revision and enlightenment of Russian forest code[J]. Forestry Economics, 2007, (6): 78-80. ]
[11]	宋魁, 李萍. 俄罗斯木材出口关税调整趋势及其对策[J]. 俄罗斯中亚东欧市场, 2008, (12): 1-5.
	[ Song K, Li P.The trend of Russian timber export tariff adjustment and its countermeasures[J]. Russia Central and Eastern Europe Market, 2008, (12): 1-5. ]
[12]	陈正言, 王继富, 杨雪. 新政策法规对中国东北和俄国远东森工综合体的影响[J]. 东北林业大学学报, 2008, 36(12): 79-81.
	[ Chen Z Y, Wang J F, Yang X.The impact of new policies and regulations on the Northeastern and Russian far east forest industry complex[J]. Journal of Northeast Forestry University, 2008, 36(12): 79-81. ]
[13]	Kopylova E.俄罗斯木材资源和合理采伐[J]. 国际木业, 2008, (5): 12-13.
	[ Kopylova E.Russian timber resources and rational logging[J]. International Wood Industry, 2008, (5): 12-13. ]
[14]	Canby K.共建中俄和谐林业与贸易[J]. 国际木业, 2008, (5): 22-22.
	[ Canby K.Building Sino-Russian harmonious forestry and trade[J]. International Wood Industry, 2008, (5): 22-22. ]
[15]	新华网. 中华人民共和国与俄罗斯联邦关于丝绸之路经济带建设和欧亚经济联盟建设对接合作的联合声明(全文)[EB/OL]. (2015-05-09)[2018-09-09]. .
	[Xinhua Net. Joint Statement between the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation on the Construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the Construction of the Eurasian Economic Union (Full Text) [EB/OL]. (2015-05-09)[2018-09-09]. ]
[16]	刘清才, 支继超. 中国丝绸之路经济带与欧亚经济联盟的对接合作-基本架构和实施路径[J]. 东北亚论坛, 2016, 25(4): 49-59.
	[ Liu Q C, Zhi J C.The docking cooperation between China Silk Road Economic Belt and Eurasian Economic Union-basic structure and implementation path[J]. Northeast Asia Forum, 2016, 25(4): 49-59. ]
[17]	冯玉军. 论“丝绸之路经济带”与欧亚经济联盟对接的路径[J]. 欧亚经济, 2016, (5): 15-19.
	[ Feng Y J.On the path of the "Silk Road Economic Belt" and the Eurasian economic union[J]. Eurasian Economy, 2016, (5): 15-19. ]
[18]	马红丽, 李文琪. 关于中俄林业投资合作研究[J]. 全国商情(经济理论研究), 2015, (20): 34-35.
	[ Ma H L, Li W Q.Research on Sino-Russian forestry investment cooperation[J]. National Business Situation(Economic Theory Research), 2015, (20): 34-35. ]
[19]	王骅. 中俄两国签署林业合作备忘录[EB/OL]. (2016-06-28)[2018-09-10]. .
	[Wang W. China and Russia Signed a Memorandum on Forestry Cooperation[EB/OL]. (2016-06-28)[2018-09-10]. . ]
[20]	李俊枝. 中国东北地区与俄罗斯远东及西伯利亚地区林业合作研究[J]. 对外经贸, 2015, (7): 46-48.
	[ Li J Z.Research on forestry cooperation between Northeast China and Russia's Far East and Siberia[J]. Foreign Trade and Economics, 2015, (7): 46-48. ]
[21]	FAO. Yearbook of Forest Products (2015) [EB/OL]. (2017-12-22)[2018-08-09]. .
[22]	FAO. Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015(Desk Reference) [EB/OL]. (2018-07-30)[2018-08-09]. .
[23]	FAO. Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015. How Are the World’s Forests Changing? [EB/OL]. (2018-07-30)[2018-08-09]. .
[24]	国家林业局. 中国林业统计年鉴(2006~2015)[M]. 北京: 中国林业出版社, 2006-2015.
	[ State Forestry Administration.China Forestry Statistical Yearbook (2006~2015)[M]. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House, 2006-2015. ]
[25]	中国出口信用保险公司资信评估中心. 国别投资经营便利化状况报告(2017)[EB/OL]. (2018-05-16)[2018-09-09]. .
	[China Export Credit Insurance Corporation Credit Rating Center. Country Investment Management Facilitation Status Report (2017) [EB/OL]. (2018-05-16)[2018-09-09]. ]
[26]	中国木业信息网. 我国林业海外投资现状[EB/OL]. (2016-07-15)[2018-09-21]. .
	[ China Wood Industry Information Network. Status of China's Forestry Overseas Investment [EB/OL]. (2016-07-15)[2018-09-21]. ]
[27]	阿林娜. 中俄木材贸易发展研究[D]. 沈阳: 东北农业大学, 2014.
	[Alina G.Sino-Russian Timber Trade Development Study[D]. Shenyang: Northeastern Agricultural University, 2014. ]
[28]	马晓成, 温馨. 中俄林业合作加速走向互惠共赢[EB/OL]. (2017-06-17)[2018-10-07]. .
	[Ma X C, Wen X. Sino-Russian Forestry Cooperation Accelerates toward Mutual Benefit and Win-Win [EB/OL]. (2017-06-17)[2018-10-07].
[29]	Lankin A.Forest product exports from the Russian Far east and eastern Siberia to China: Status and trends: China and forest trade in the Asia-pacific region: Implications for forests and livelihoods \| Center for International Forestry Research[J]. Future Oncology, 2005, 7(3): 427-434.
[30]	崔愿, 耿彦斌. “一带一路”战略之中俄铁路通道发展对策研究[J]. 综合运输, 2016, 38(12): 15-22.
	[ Cui Y, Yan Y B.Research on the development of China-Russia railway passage in the "One Belt and One Road" strategy[J]. Comprehensive Transportation, 2016, 38(12): 15-22. ]
[31]	郭晓琼. 黑龙江边境口岸: 成果与问题[J]. 欧亚经济, 2016, (2): 99-109.
	[Guo X Q.Heilongjiang border port achievements and problems[J]. Eurasian Economy, 2016, (2): 99-109. ]
[32]	姜毅. 对发展中俄边境地区口岸经济的思考[J]. 欧亚经济, 2017, (6): 2-15.
	[Jiang Y.Thinking on the development of port economy in the border areas between China and Russia[J]. Eurasian Economy, 2017, (6): 2-15. ]
[33]	马永亮. 俄罗斯远东海洋运输研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 黑龙江大学, 2012.
	[Ma Y L.Russian Far East Marine Transportation Research [D]. Haerbin: Heilongjiang University, 2012. ]
[34]	辻久子, 笪志刚. 中国利用俄罗斯远东“借港出海”的新尝试[J]. 俄罗斯学刊, 2016, 6(1): 85-87.
	[Shi J Z, Da Z G.A new attempt by China to use Russia's Far East to “rent the port to the sea”[J]. Russian Academic Journal, 2016, 6(1): 85-87. ]
[35]	关于俄罗斯新森林法的评论[J]. 国际木业, 2007, (8): 24-25.
	[The new Russian forest code: a review[J]. International Wood Industry, 2007, (8): 24-25. ]
[36]	亚历山大. 中俄森林资源法律制度比较研究[D]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古大学, 2015.
	[Alexander. A Comparative Study of China-Russian Forest Resources Legal System[D]. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia University, 2015. ]
[37]	吉里亚耶夫. 俄罗斯新森林法助力中俄合作[J]. 国际木业, 2008, 38(5): 7-7.
	[Gryayev. Russia's new forest law helps China-Russian cooperation[J]. International Wood Industry, 2008, 38(5): 7-7. ]
[38]	韩晓丹. 俄罗斯投资环境分析及建议[J]. 现代经济信息, 2017, (1): 148-149.
	[Han X D.Analysis of investment environment in Russia and suggestions[J]. Modern Economic Information, 2017, (1): 148-149. ]
[39]	新形势下中国对俄罗斯东部地区投资战略及投资风险防范研究课题组. 俄罗斯东部地区投资环境研究[J]. 俄罗斯学刊, 2017, 7(3): 5-17.
	[Research Group on Investment Strategy and Investment Risk Prevention in Russia's Eastern Region under the New Situation. Research on investment environment in Eastern Russia[J]. Russian Academic Journal, 2017, 7(3): 5-17. ]
[40]	王文清, 胡仁霞. 俄罗斯森林工业发展现状与中俄林业合作[J]. 俄罗斯中亚东欧市场, 2011, (10): 41-45.
	[ Wang W Q, Hu R X.Status quo of Russian forest industry development and Sino-Russian forestry cooperation[J]. Russia Central and Eastern Europe Market, 2011, (10): 41-45. ]
[41]	宿海颖, 李智勇, 包应爽. 俄罗斯森林采伐管理制度研究与借鉴[J]. 林业资源管理, 2010, (5): 105-109.
	[Su H Y, Li Z Y, Bao Y S.Research and reference of Russian forest harvesting management system[J]. Forestry Resources Management, 2010, (5): 105-109. ]
[42]	Keenan R J, Reams G A, Achard F, et al.Dynamics of global forest area: results from the FAO global forest resources assessment 2015[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2015, 352: 9-20.
[43]	中俄资讯网. 俄罗斯将制定2035年林业产业发展战略[EB/OL]. (2018-02-01)[2018-10-09]. .
	[China-Russia Information Network. Russia Will Develop a 2035 Forest Industry Development Strategy[EB/OL]. (2018-02-01)[2018-10-09]. ]
[44]	余珊. 我国林业企业境外投资现状分析及建议[J]. 林产工业, 2018, 45(7): 55-58.
	[ Yu S.Analysis and suggestions on the status quo of overseas investment of forestry enterprises in China[J]. Forestry Industry, 2018, 45(7): 55-58. ]

年份	原木			锯材
年份	进口量/万m³	针叶占比/%	非针叶占比/%	进口量/万m³	针叶占比/%	非针叶占比/%
1997	92.37	57.60	42.40	1.20	62.49	37.51
1998	155.71	68.96	31.04	1.30	80.64	19.36
1999	428.19	92.24	7.76	8.93	92.67	7.33
2000	590.67	92.96	7.04	16.97	82.79	17.21
2001	874.03	94.22	5.78	33.05	78.33	21.67
2002	1 426.10	97.20	2.80	59.38	84.01	15.99
2003	1 409.64	90.51	9.49	34.95	74.88	25.12
2004	1 628.23	86.59	13.41	125.63	89.11	10.89
2005	1 819.46	89.83	10.17	164.92	71.43	28.57
2006	2 330.39	81.28	18.72	173.60	80.31	19.69
2007	2 206.10	95.43	4.57	176.10	85.18	14.82
2008	1 889.00	74.30	25.70	213.60	88.34	11.66
2009	1 191.70	95.88	4.12	336.30	91.17	8.83
2010	1 412.70	93.46	6.54	495.20	87.72	12.28
2011	1 473.40	94.14	5.86	662.40	90.17	9.83
2012	941.60	96.38	3.62	682.50	89.20	10.80
2013	1070.10	86.00	14.00	834.00	92.45	7.55
2014	1116.30	83.53	16.47	872.40	91.84	8.16

年份	1990	2000	2005	2010	2015
森林面积/万hm²	80 895	80 927	80 879	81 514	81 493
森林覆盖率/%	47.37	47.39	47.37	47.74	47.73
立木蓄积（带皮材积）/亿m³	800.40	802.70	804.79	815.23	814.88

地区	国土面积/万km²	森林面积/万hm²	森林面积比例/%	森林覆盖率/%	木材蓄积量/亿m³	木材蓄积量比例/%
俄罗斯	1 707.55	79 623	100.00	46.63	833	100.00
远东联邦区	617.99	29 628	37.21	47.94	210	25.21
西伯利亚联邦区	511.48	27 658	34.74	54.07	335	40.22
西北联邦区	167.79	8 845	11.11	52.71	103	12.36
乌拉尔联邦区	178.70	6 980	8.77	39.06	80	9.60
伏尔加河沿岸联邦区	103.59	3 797	4.77	36.65	58	6.96
中央联邦区	65.28	2 270	2.85	34.77	40	4.80
南方联邦区	62.72	445	0.56	7.10	7	0.84

年份	森林面积/亿hm²					年变化/万hm²
年份	1990	2000	2005	2010	2015	1990—2000	2000—2010	2010—2015	1990—2015
原生林	2.42	2.58	2.55	2.73	2.73	164.05	152.12	-12.51	123.97
其他天然再生林	5.55	5.36	5.36	5.22	5.22	-187.96	-135.98	3.84	-128.80
种植林	0.13	0.15	0.17	0.20	0.20	27.09	42.53	4.56	28.76
合计	8.09	8.09	8.09	8.15	8.15	3.19	58.67	-4.10	23.92

排名	种类（学名）	本地种数	蓄积量/亿m³				2010年占比/%	累计占比/%
排名	种类（学名）	本地种数	1990年	2000年	2005年	2010年	2010年占比/%	累计占比/%
1	落叶松（Larch）	4	2.72	2.53	2.50	2.38	29.23	29.23
2	松树（Pine）	6	1.57	1.63	1.62	1.64	20.09	49.33
3	桦树（Birch）	10	1.17	1.10	1.16	1.37	16.85	66.18
4	云杉（Spruce）	6	0.94	1.09	1.08	1.08	13.26	79.44
5	西伯利亚松（Siberian stone pine）	1	0.82	0.85	0.84	0.78	9.55	89.00
6	山杨（Aspen）	1	0.29	0.32	0.33	0.39	4.73	94.73
7	冷杉（Fir）	4	0.29	0.27	0.27	0.25	3.07	96.80
8	橡树（Oak）	5	0.09	0.09	0.09	0.09	1.09	97.89
9	椴树（Lime）	6	0.05	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.75	98.64
10	山毛榉（Beech）	2	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.22	98.86
	剩余种类	136	0.06	0.07	0.07	0.09	1.14	100.00
	总计（本地）	181	8.00	8.03	8.05	8.15	100.00

Sino-Russian forestry cooperation pattern and resource potential under "the Belt and Road" initiative

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Like

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 12

References 44

Related Articles 4

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0

	年份	1990	2000	2005	2010	2015
总蓄积量/亿m³		800.40	802.70	804.79	815.23	814.88
蓄积量	针叶林/亿m³	631.24	577.88	575.41	578.51	575.36
蓄积量	占总量比/%	78.87	71.99	71.50	70.96	70.61
蓄积量	阔叶林/亿m³	169.16	224.83	229.38	236.72	239.52
蓄积量	占总量比/%	21.13	28.01	28.50	29.04	29.39

	比例	幼龄林	中龄林	近熟林	成过熟林	合计
俄罗斯	面积	18.4	24.7	10.3	46.6	100.0
俄罗斯	储量	4.9	24.6	13.9	56.6	100.0
欧洲部分	面积	24.2	26.9	10.0	38.9	100.0
欧洲部分	储量	8.0	29.8	15.0	47.2	100.0
亚洲部分	面积	16.8	24.1	10.4	48.7	100.0
亚洲部分	储量	3.8	22.8	13.6	59.8	100.0

	工业原木/万m³	锯材/万m³	木浆/万t
中国国内
产量	16 720	7 434	1 025
消费量	21 232	10 160	3 074
缺口	-4 512	-2 726	-2 049
自给率/%	78.75	73.17	33.36
俄罗斯
出口量	1 960	2 375	208

国家	原木		工业用热带原木	锯材		木浆
国家	针叶	非针叶	非针叶	针叶	非针叶	木浆
俄联邦	2, 1	1, 2	-	1, 1	3, 1	6, 1
新西兰	1, 1	-	-	4, 1	-	-
美国	3, 1	5, 2	-	3, 1	1, 1	3, 1
加拿大	4, 1	-	-	2, 2	-	2, 1
越南	9, 7	-	10, 1	-	-	-
德国		4, 1	-	8, 12	-	-
法国	7, 2	2, 2	-	-	-	-
澳大利亚	5, 1	-	-	-	-	-
拉脱维亚	-	3, 2	-	-	-	-
巴布亚新几内亚	-	-	1, 1	-	-	-
马来西亚	-	-	3, 1	-	4, 1	-
泰国	-	-	-	-	2, 1	-
巴西	-	-	-	-	-	1, 1

地区	森林面积/万hm²	覆盖率/%	成过熟林面积/万hm²	成过熟林占比/%
西伯利亚联邦区重点合作地区
阿尔泰共和国	39.72	40.22	17.38	43.77
布里亚特共和国	208.42	49.66	78.87	37.84
图瓦共和国	80.49	33.12	27.75	34.48
哈卡斯共和国	29.13	46.91	9.06	31.11
克拉斯诺亚尔斯克边疆区	494.49	68.81	282.94	57.22
伊尔库茨克州	610.38	74.32	270.18	44.26
克麦罗沃州	47.18	49.32	17.43	36.94
鄂木斯克州	26.12	18.69	12.82	49.08
托木斯克州	174.60	54.54	93.93	53.80
赤塔州	276.05	54.00	99.03	35.87
远东联邦区重点合作地区
萨哈（雅库特）共和国	1 437.96	39.37	654.14	45.49
滨海边疆区	118.72	71.76	48.28	40.67
哈巴罗夫斯克边疆区	520.36	57.80	243.29	46.75
阿穆尔州	227.86	56.93	86.44	37.93
犹太自治州	16.21	44.63	5.79	35.74

[1]	XIONG Chenran,WANG Limao,ZHANG Chao,QU Qiushi,XIANG Ning. Evaluation on energy geo-economics cooperation relations of Russia with China and Japan [J]. Resources Science, 2019, 41(9): 1665-1674.
[2]	Zehong LI, Jingnan LI, Yang YANG, A. Kolosov Vladimir, Yang REN, Bazarzhapov Tcogto, Feng CHEN. Sino-Russian natural gas trade security structure and situation [J]. Resources Science, 2018, 40(11): 2143-2153.
[3]	Hanxiao KONG, Lei SHEN, Shuai ZHONG. Dynamic relations among oil production and trade and economic growth in oil producing countries in the Belt and Road [J]. Resources Science, 2017, 39(6): 1071-1083.
[4]	GE Liqiang, LI Shimei, XIE gaodi, ZHANG Caixia. Resource Potential of Sweet Potato Ethanol and Its Spatial Distribution in China [J]. , 2010, 32(3): 505-511.