中国草地等级划分体系回顾与新体系构建

doi:10.18402/resci.2021.11.04

Abstract

Abstract:

As an important part of natural resources, grassland resources not only play a role as the means of production in the process of rural revitalization and development in China, but also have key ecological and production values. In the context of implementing the national inventory of natural resources, land right confirmation, and marketization of compensated use, the original grassland classification system can no longer fully meet the requirements of the current form of development. Therefore, based on the existing grassland grading systems and by integrating the natural, economic, and social attributes of grasslands and considering the availability and operability of data for evaluation indicators, this study reconstructed the evaluation indices and indicators of grassland grading and classification. According to the weighted scores of each indicator, five grassland grades were divided, and five grassland classes under each grade were defined. Three villages in Inner Mongolia were evaluated by this method. This study aimed to reflect the real-time nature of grading, provide a theoretical basis for grassland utilization and protection, and provide a reference for further development of grassland classification and grading system and grassland resource pricing system.

Key words: grassland resources, grassland types, grassland evaluation, classification and grading system, Inner Mongolia

LI Zhiguo, WANG Zhanyi, QU Zhiqiang, NA Ya, WANG Zhongwu, LV Shijie, WANG Haichun, HAN Guodong. Review of grassland classification and grading and construction of a new system in China[J].Resources Science, 2021, 43(11): 2192-2202.

Figures/Tables 8

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Table 7

Table 8

Cases of grassland classification in Inner Mongolia

分级因子（Fg）	权重（Cg）	指标（Ig）	鄂温克旗巴彦胡硕嘎查	正镶白旗三道沟	四子王旗巴音嘎查
草地生产力（Pr）	0.4	可食牧草产量/（kg/hm²）	80	40	20
区位条件（Lc）	0.4	交通道路状况	100	100	100
区位条件（Lc）	0.4	距城镇中心的距离/km	60	20	20
社会经济条件（Se）	0.2	地区生产总值/亿元	20	20	20
社会经济条件（Se）	0.2	农牧民人均收入/（万元/（人 $⋅$ 年）	100	100	100
草地级评分			76	52	44
草地级别			2级	3级	3级
1980年代草地级别			5级	6级	7级

Table 8

References 33

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序号	得分总和	评价结果
1	G≥ 80	优等
2	60≤ G<80	良等
3	40≤ G<60	中等
4	20≤ G<40	低等
5	G<20	劣等

草地等	划分标准
Ⅰ等草地	优等牧草占总产量≥60%
Ⅱ等草地	良等以上牧草占总产量≥60%
Ⅲ等草地	中等以上牧草占总产量≥60%
Ⅳ等草地	低等以上牧草占总产量≥60%
Ⅴ等草地	劣等和不可食牧草占总产量≥40%

草地级	划分标准
1级草地	可食牧草产量≥ 4000 kg/hm²
2级草地	3000 kg/hm²≤ 可食牧草产量<4000 kg/hm²
3级草地	2000 kg/hm²≤ 可食牧草产量<3000 kg/hm²
4级草地	1500 kg/hm²≤ 可食牧草产量<2000 kg/hm²
5级草地	1000 kg/hm²≤ 可食牧草产量<1500 kg/hm²
6级草地	500 kg/hm²≤ 可食牧草产量<1000 kg/hm²
7级草地	250 kg/hm²≤ 可食牧草产量<500 kg/hm²
8级草地	可食牧草产量<250 kg/hm²

因子（FL）	权重（CL）	指标（IL）	比例/%	赋值
因子（FL）	权重（CL）	指标（IL）	比例/%	100	80	60	40	20
气候因子（C）	0.2	≥0℃积温/℃	50	≥ 8000	[5300, 8000）	[2300, 5300）	[1300, 2300）	<1300
气候因子（C）	0.2	年均降水量/mm	50	≥ 600	[400, 600）	[300, 400）	[150, 300）	<150
土壤/地形因子（S）	0.2	土壤质地与地表砾石、整洁度	50	壤土		砂土		黏土
		土层厚度/cm	50	≥ 80	[60, 80）	[40, 60）	[20, 40）	<20
		坡度/°	50	<5	[5, 14）	[15, 24）	[25, 34）	≥35
		海拔/m	50	≤ 200	[200, 500）	[500, 800）	[800, 1000）	>1000
植被因子（V）	0.6	植被盖度/%	20	≥ 80	[60, 80）	[40, 60）	[20, 40）	<20
		退化等级	20	无退化	轻度	中度	重度	极度
		群落物种多样性	20	丰富		一般		贫乏
		营养价值	40	优	良	中	低	劣

草地等	得分（FL）	草地级别	得分（Fg）
Ⅰ等草地	FL≥ 80	1级草地	Fg≥ 80
Ⅱ等草地	80>FL≤ 60	2级草地	80>Fg≤ 60
Ⅲ等草地	60>FL≤ 40	3级草地	60>Fg≤ 40
Ⅳ等草地	40>FL≤ 20	4级草地	40>Fg≤ 20
Ⅴ等草地	FL<20	5级草地	Fg<20

Review of grassland classification and grading and construction of a new system in China

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分级因子（Fg）	权重（Cg）	指标（Ig）	比例/%	赋值
分级因子（Fg）	权重（Cg）	指标（Ig）	比例/%	100	80	60	40	20
草地生产力（Pr）	0.4	可食牧草产量/（kg/hm²）	100	>3000	（1500, 3000]	（1000, 1500]	（500, 1000]	<500
区位条件（Lc）	0.4	交通道路状况	50	柏油路便利		砂石路适中		土路不便利
区位条件（Lc）	0.4	距城镇中心的距离/km	50	<5		[5, 30]		>30
社会经济条件（Se）	0.2	地区生产总值/亿元	50	>100	（80, 100]	（50, 80]	（30, 50]	<30
社会经济条件（Se）	0.2	农牧民人均收入/（万元/（人·年））	50	>0.9	（0.7, 0.9]	（0.5, 0.7]	（0.3, 0.5]	<0.3