基于低碳发展的北京城市生活垃圾处理模式优化

doi:10.18402/resci.2021.08.06

Abstract

Abstract:

With the strategic requirements of China’s low-carbon development and waste resources recovery, municipal solid waste (MSW) treatment facilities have been continuously established and improved, and the MSW treatment model and related carbon emissions have also shown dynamic changes. Based on the mass balance method from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and guidelines of Beijing greenhouse gas emission accounting from MSW incineration plants, supplemented by field investigation, this study calculated carbon emissions, energy consumption, and resource utilization rates of different MSW treatment facilities within their facility boundaries during the four periods from the 10th Five-Year Plan to the 13th Five-Year Plan. Subsequently, a multi-objective optimization model of Beijing MSW treatment mode based on a low-carbon economy was constructed; the model was optimized by using MATLAB to determine the trend of development of MSW treatment mode of Beijing. The results show that: (1) The MSW treatment mode of Beijing has changed to “incineration dominating, supplemented by composting”; (2) Beijing achieved “zero landfill” of primary MSW in 2020 for the first time. The total design processing capacity of incineration plants and compost plants in the MSW treatment mode accounted for more than 75%; (3) In the future MSW treatment mode of Beijing landfill, incineration, and compost will be at a proportion of 5:51:44, shifting to “incineration and composting in parallel”. The results of this research can provide some theoretical support for the low-carbon development of the MSW treatment mode in Beijing in the future.

Key words: municipal solid waste (MSW), MSW treatment mode, carbon emission intensity, energy consumption intensity, design processing capacity, low-carbon, Beijing

LI Ying, WU Xue, SUN Chengshuang, GENG Zijie, ZHANG Quanhong. Optimization of Beijing municipal solid waste treatment model based on low-carbon development[J].Resources Science, 2021, 43(8): 1574-1588.

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车辆类型	型号	发动机额定功率/kW	油耗/（g/kWh）	每小时油耗量/（t/h）
推土机	利勃海尔 PR 734 Litronic	150	≤ 145	0.022
压实机	宝马BC601RB	220	≤ 202	0.044
挖掘机	卡特 330D2 L	159	≤ 185	0.029
喷药车	东风劲卡CLW5070GPSE5	75	≤ 63	0.005

序号	场站	填埋垃圾量/（t/d）	单位垃圾耗电量/（kWh/t）	单位垃圾耗汽油量/（ml/t）	单位垃圾耗柴油量/（ml/t）
1	北神树卫生填埋场	624.07	-	126.47	522.51
2	六里屯卫生填埋场	2387.30	0.17	-	237.48
3	阿苏卫卫生填埋场	3166.25	2.26	40.24	929.26
4	西田阳卫生填埋场	599.42	1.05	31.93	672.71
5	焦家坡卫生填埋场	625.91	3.07	80.28	722.21
6	峪口卫生填埋场	248.38	0.12	17.76	180.51
7	永宁卫生填埋场	47.46	-	131.75	301.91
8	小张家口卫生填埋场	115.28	-	3.17	464.61

年份	厨余	纸类	塑料	纺织	木竹	灰土	砖瓦陶瓷	玻璃	金属	其他	总含水率	数据来源
2004	54.55	7.55	11.26	1.83	3.04	19.62	-	1.51	0.54	-	56.19	[59]
2005	63.80	9.75	11.76	1.69	1.26	9.10	0.43	1.70	0.33	0.19	60.13	[59]
2006	63.39	11.07	12.70	2.46	1.78	5.87	0.62	1.76	0.27	0.08	-	[60]
2007	66.22	10.68	12.30	1.64	2.27	4.83	0.68	0.95	0.26	0.17	-	[61]
2008	66.19	10.89	13.11	1.19	3.28	3.50	0.40	1.00	0.40	0.04	62.90	[59]
2009	63.20	12.60	15.30	1.20	3.20	3.20	0.60	0.50	0.30	-	62.14	[61]
2010	65.98	11.02	12.33	1.51	3.81	3.77	0.31	0.96	0.30	0.01	62.93	[60]
2011	58.96	15.87	16.78	1.34	2.50	2.33	-	-	-	-	61.58	[63]
2012	53.96	17.64	18.67	1.55	3.08	2.15	0.57	2.07	0.26	0.05	59.16	[63]
2013	54.58	18.40	18.20	1.15	2.78	2.29	-	-	-	-	59.07	[44]
2014	53.89	17.67	18.70	1.05	3.08	2.15	-	-	-	-	59.18	[44]
2015	53.22	19.60	19.59	0.72	2.83	2.04	0.60	1.25	0.15	0.00	58.74	[44]
2016	58.59	17.94	16.43	1.63	0.495	1.73	0.57	0.71	0.98	0.93	59.46	[64]
2018	50.65	20.98	21.62	0.47	3.53	0.23	0.41	1.67	0.35	0.12	58.18	[65]

时期	填埋库区	渗滤液处理	机械设备作业	车辆作业	合计
十五	0.234	0.001	0.002	0.002	0.239
十一五	0.156	0.001	0.002	0.002	0.161
十二五	0.161	0.001	0.002	0.002	0.166
十三五	0.075	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.078

时期	年份	直接排放				间接排放	避免排放	车辆	合计	平均值
时期	年份	矿物碳	生物碳	化石燃料	渗滤液处理	间接排放	避免排放	车辆	合计	平均值
十五	2004	0.238	0.573	0.002	0.003	0	0.227	0.003	0.592	0.676
十五	2005	0.275	0.704	0.002	0.003	0	0.227	0.003	0.760	0.676
十一五	2008	0.326	0.827	0.002	0.003	0	0.227	0.003	0.934	0.942
	2009	0.355	0.826	0.002	0.003	0	0.227	0.003	0.962
	2010	0.317	0.831	0.002	0.003	0	0.227	0.003	0.929
十二五	2011	0.372	0.827	0.002	0.003	0	0.227	0.003	0.980	0.955
	2012	0.380	0.787	0.002	0.003	0	0.227	0.003	0.948
	2013	0.370	0.789	0.002	0.003	0	0.227	0.003	0.940
	2014	0.377	0.784	0.002	0.003	0	0.227	0.003	0.942
	2015	0.386	0.796	0.002	0.003	0	0.227	0.003	0.963
十三五	2016	0.345	0.779	0.002	0.003	0	0.227	0.003	0.905	0.951
十三五	2018	0.411	0.805	0.002	0.003	0	0.227	0.003	0.997	0.951
平均值		0.346	0.777	0.002	0.003	0	0.227	0.003	0.904	-

Optimization of Beijing municipal solid waste treatment model based on low-carbon development

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时期	卫生填埋场	焚烧厂	堆肥厂	碳排放总量	碳排放占比
十五	92.648	4.901	3.744	101.293	91：5：4
十一五	83.582	34.722	7.357	125.661	67：28：6
十二五	71.844	124.628	16.896	213.368	34：58：8
十三五	31.132	367.966	30.402	429.500	7：86：7

生活垃圾处理设施	处理工艺作业			渗滤液处理	折算成标准煤/（kgce/t）
生活垃圾处理设施	耗电量/（kWh/t）	耗汽油量/（ml/t）	耗柴油量/（ml/t）	耗电量/（kWh/t）	折算成标准煤/（kgce/t）
卫生填埋场	1.334	61.657	503.900	2.430	1.146
焚烧厂	100.510	-	-	2.284	12.633
堆肥厂	9.188	-	-	2.710	1.462

时期	卫生填埋场	焚烧厂	堆肥厂	能耗总量	能耗占比
十五	444.247	91.589	28.655	564.491	79：16：5
十一五	594.934	465.652	56.316	1116.902	53：42：5
十二五	498.991	1648.607	129.329	2276.927	22：72：6
十三五	457.397	4888.024	232.714	5578.135	8：88：4

处理设施	卫生填埋场	焚烧厂	堆肥厂
碳排放强度/（tCO₂/t）	0.002	0.951	0.191
能耗强度/（kgce/t）	0.424	12.633	1.462
资源化率	0.030	0.800	0.900

指标	2020年模式	优化模式	增长率/%
碳排放强度/（tCO₂/t）	0.533	0.569	6.734
能耗强度/（kgce/t）	6.910	7.107	2.854
资源化率	0.640	0.806	25.820

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