Resources Science ›› 2021, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (2): 280-292.doi: 10.18402/resci.2021.02.07
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XIE Xianxiong1,2(), DENG Yue1,2, LIU Jiyao1,2, LU Weinan1,2, ZHAO Minjuan1,2(
)
Received:
2020-04-08
Revised:
2020-06-05
Online:
2021-02-25
Published:
2021-04-25
Contact:
ZHAO Minjuan
E-mail:xiexianxiong@foxmail.com;zhao@nwsuaf.edu.cn
XIE Xianxiong, DENG Yue, LIU Jiyao, LU Weinan, ZHAO Minjuan. Impact of fallow on off-farm employment of farmers[J].Resources Science, 2021, 43(2): 280-292.
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Table 2
Group differences in the number and duration of off-farm employment of farmers"
非农就业人数/时间 | 总样本均值(A) | 休耕组均值(B) | 非休耕组均值(C) | 休耕组与非休耕组均值之差(B-C) |
---|---|---|---|---|
非农就业总人数/人 | 1.337 | 1.353 | 1.321 | 0.031 |
非农经营人数/人 | 0.061 | 0.069 | 0.053 | 0.016 |
本地务工人数/人 | 0.605 | 0.596 | 0.613 | -0.016 |
外地务工人数/人 | 0.671 | 0.687 | 0.655 | 0.032* |
非农就业总时间/月 | 12.394 | 12.811 | 11.975 | 0.835** |
非农经营时间/月 | 0.602 | 0.744 | 0.459 | 0.285* |
本地务工时间/月 | 4.975 | 5.025 | 4.923 | 0.101 |
外地务工时间/月 | 6.816 | 7.040 | 6.592 | 0.448** |
样本数/个 | 1208 | 605 | 603 | - |
Table 4
Description of control variables and differences between groups"
变量类型 | 变量名称 | 变量说明 | 休耕组均值 (A) | 非休耕组均值 (B) | 两组均值之差(A-B) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
个体特征 | 性别 | 户主性别:男=1,女=0 | 0.780 | 0.802 | -0.022 |
年龄 | 户主实际年龄/岁 | 51.492 | 52.122 | -0.630 | |
受教育程度 | 户主实际受教育年限/年 | 5.833 | 5.817 | 0.015 | |
户主自评健康 | 户主自评身体健康状况:1=很不好,2=不好,3=一般,4=比较好,5=非常好 | 3.218 | 3.306 | -0.088* | |
兄弟姐妹数量 | 户主兄弟姐妹个数/人 | 4.404 | 4.444 | -0.039 | |
家庭特征 | 家庭规模 | 家庭总人口数量/人 | 5.887 | 5.799 | 0.088 |
劳动力人数 | 家庭总劳动力个数/人 | 2.763 | 2.882 | -0.118 | |
家庭赡抚养占比 | 家庭赡养和抚养人数占总人口数比重 | 0.356 | 0.336 | 0.020* | |
是否村干部户 | 家中是否有成员为村干部:0=否,1=是 | 0.071 | 0.069 | 0.001 | |
是否患慢性病户 | 家中是否有人患慢性病:0=否,1=是 | 0.442 | 0.407 | 0.035 | |
经营耕地面积 | 家庭实际经营耕地总面积/亩 | 9.824 | 14.050 | -4.226*** | |
村庄特征 | 村道路交通情况 | 所在行政村的道路交通条件:1=很不好,2=不好,3=一般,4=比较好,5=很好 | 3.833 | 3.759 | 0.073* |
村相对收入状况 | 所在行政村人均收入邻村的情况:1=收入很低,2=收入较低,3=一般,4=收入较高,5=收入很高 | 2.680 | 2.759 | -0.078 |
Table 5
Influence of fallow on the decision making and choice of farmers’ off-farm employment"
非农就业 | 非农经营 | 本地务工 | 外地务工 | 非农就业 | 非农经营 | 本地务工 | 外地务工 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OLS | OLS | OLS | OLS | 二元Probit | 多变量Probit | ||||||
是否休耕 | 0.011*(0.006) | 0.020*(0.012) | -0.030(0.028) | 0.030(0.027) | 0.034*(0.019) | 0.022*(0.012) | -0.030(0.028) | 0.023(0.027) | |||
控制变量 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | |||
R2/χ2(p值) | 0.3660 | 0.0250 | 0.1119 | 0.1642 | 0.4515 | 470.33(0.000) | |||||
无同期相关检验 | - | - | - | - | - | chi2(3)=283.926(Pr = 0.000) | |||||
样本数 | 1208 | 1208 | 1208 | 1208 | 1208 | 1208 |
Table 6
Impact of fallow on the number of off-farm employment of farmers"
非农就业总人数 | 非农经营人数 | 本地务工人数 | 外地务工人数 | 非农就业总人数 | 非农经营人数 | 本地务工人数 | 外地务工人数 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OLS | OLS | OLS | OLS | Heckman | SUR | |||||||
是否休耕 | 0.040(0.040) | 0.020(0.019) | -0.067(0.049) | 0.088*(0.046) | 0.017(0.042) | 0.020(0.019) | -0.070(0.048) | 0.090**(0.046) | ||||
控制变量 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | ||||
R2/χ2(p值) | 0.5707 | 0.0204 | 0.1740 | 0.2264 | 402.89(0.000) | 0.0203 | 0.1705 | 0.2252 | ||||
Mills比率 | - | - | - | - | 0.456***(0.104) | - | - | - | ||||
无同期相关 | - | - | - | - | - | chi2(3)=499.622(Pr = 0.000) | ||||||
样本数 | 1208 | 1208 | 1208 | 1208 | 1208 | 1208 | 1208 | 1208 |
Table 7
Effect of fallow on off-farm employment duration of farmers"
非农就业总时间 | 非农经营时间 | 本地务工时间 | 外地务工时间 | 非农就业总时间 | 非农经营时间 | 本地务工时间 | 外地务工时间 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OLS | OLS | OLS | OLS | IV-Heckman | IV-SUR | ||||||
是否休耕 | 1.106***(0.421) | 0.326*(0.197) | -0.296(0.451) | 1.076**(0.486) | 1.065**(0.473) | 0.327*(0.196) | -0.324(0.449) | 1.093**(0.483) | |||
控制变量 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | |||
R2/χ2(p值) | 0.5650 | 0.0211 | 0.1837 | 0.2371 | 443.39(0.000) | 0.0211 | 0.1800 | 0.2360 | |||
Mills比率 | - | - | - | - | 4.260***(1.181) | - | - | - | |||
无同期相关 | - | - | - | - | - | chi2(3)=446.131(Pr = 0.000) | |||||
样本数 | 1208 | 1208 | 1208 | 1208 | 1208 | 1208 | 1208 | 1208 |
Table 8
Impact of fallow on off-farm employment income of farmers"
非农就业总收入 | 非农经营收入 | 本地务工收入 | 外地务工收入 | 非农就业总收入 | 非农经营收入 | 本地务工收入 | 外地务工收入 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OLS | OLS | OLS | OLS | IV-Heckman | SUR | ||||||
是否休耕 | 0.487***(0.177) | 0.177**(0.082) | -0.137(0.150) | 0.446**(0.188) | 0.510**(0.209) | 0.177**(0.081) | -0.147(0.149) | 0.452**(0.016) | |||
控制变量 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | |||
R2/χ2(p值) | 0.4698 | 0.0270 | 0.1678 | 0.2227 | 310.96(0.000) | 0.0270 | 0.1635 | 0.2218 | |||
Mills比率 | - | - | - | - | 1.569***(0.529) | - | - | - | |||
无同期相关 | - | - | - | - | - | chi2(3)=312.045(Pr = 0.000) | |||||
样本数 | 1208 | 1208 | 1208 | 1208 | 1208 | 1208 | 1208 | 1208 |
Table 9
Impact of fallow on off-farm employment of farmers by the degree of participation in farmland fallow"
休耕程参与度 | 是否休耕 | 控制变量 | R2 | 样本数 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
非农就业决策 | 低 | 0.004(0.026) | 是 | 0.4358 | 842 |
中 | 0.043(0.029) | 是 | 0.4294 | 801 | |
高 | 0.084***(0.032) | 是 | 0.4265 | 771 | |
非农就业人数 | 低 | 0.040(0.054) | 是 | 0.5434 | 842 |
中 | 0.134**(0.061) | 是 | 0.5546 | 801 | |
高 | 0.125*(0.064) | 是 | 0.5566 | 771 | |
非农就业时间 | 低 | 0.057(0.546) | 是 | 0.5530 | 842 |
中 | 1.744***(0.620) | 是 | 0.5549 | 801 | |
高 | 2.480***(0.661) | 是 | 0.5539 | 771 | |
非农就业收入 | 低 | 0.087(0.229) | 是 | 0.4576 | 842 |
中 | 0.790***(0.257) | 是 | 0.4712 | 801 | |
高 | 0.864***(0.260) | 是 | 0.4894 | 771 |
Table 10
Regression results of farmers’ off-farm employment and farmland fallow by different types of farming household"
休耕前农户类型 | 是否休耕 | 控制变量 | R2 | 样本数 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
非农就业决策 | 纯农户 | 0.230***(0.033) | 是 | 0.5400 | 310 |
I兼农户 | 0.045(0.066) | 是 | 0.3489 | 129 | |
II兼农户 | 0.060(0.040) | 是 | 0.5236 | 769 | |
非农就业人数 | 纯农户 | 0.391***(0.085) | 是 | 0.6126 | 310 |
I兼农户 | 0.128(0.130) | 是 | 0.5574 | 129 | |
II兼农户 | -0.101(.059) | 是 | 0.5563 | 769 | |
非农就业时间 | 纯农户 | 3.432***(0.867) | 是 | 0.6289 | 310 |
I兼农户 | 3.909***(1.429) | 是 | 0.5287 | 129 | |
II兼农户 | -0.179(0.523) | 是 | 0.5556 | 769 | |
非农就业收入 | 纯农户 | 1.032***(0.397) | 是 | 0.5144 | 310 |
I兼农户 | 1.493**(0.606) | 是 | 0.4175 | 129 | |
II兼农户 | 0.077(0.214) | 是 | 0.4719 | 769 |
Table 11
Regression results of farmers’ off-farm employment and farmland fallow under different human capital endowments"
年龄分组 | 非农就业决策 | 非农就业总人数 | 非农就业总时间 | 非农就业总收入 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
低年龄 | 高年龄 | 低年龄 | 高年龄 | 低年龄 | 高年龄 | 低年龄 | 高年龄 | ||||
是否休耕 | 0.029(0.019) | 0.046(0.041) | 0.002(0.048) | 0.115*(0.061) | 0.644(0.517) | 1.936***(0.521) | 0.345(0.224) | 0.727***(0.205) | |||
控制变量 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | |||
R2 | 0.3713 | 0.4633 | 0.5275 | 0.5930 | 0.5294 | 0.6324 | 0.4266 | 0.5790 | |||
样本数 | 866 | 342 | 866 | 342 | 866 | 342 | 866 | 342 | |||
教育分组 | 非农就业决策 | 非农就业总人数 | 非农就业总时间 | 非农就业总收入 | |||||||
低教育 | 高教育 | 低教育 | 高教育 | 低教育 | 高教育 | 低教育 | 高教育 | ||||
是否休耕 | 0.021(0.023) | 0.062**(0.028) | 0.018(0.046) | 0.116(0.080) | 0.844*(0.465) | 2.031**(0.898) | 0.268(0.190) | 1.224***(0.391) | |||
控制变量 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | |||
R2 | 0.4276 | 0.6122 | 0.5579 | 0.5985 | 0.5605 | 0.5721 | 0.4601 | 0.5020 | |||
样本数 | 885 | 323 | 885 | 323 | 885 | 323 | 885 | 323 |
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