干旱区绿洲湿地空间分布及生态系统服务价值变化——以三大典型内陆河流域为例

doi:10.18402/resci.2020.10.18

Abstract

Abstract:

Wetlands play an important role in maintaining the structure, function, and hydrological cycle of oasis ecosystems in arid areas. The comprehensive monitoring and evaluation of oasis wetlands is the basis for accurately understanding the effectiveness of wetland protection policies and strengthening the restoration and protection of wetland ecological environment. Based on the multi-period remote sensing image interpretation from 1975 to 2015 and the benefit transfer method, this study quantitatively analyzed the spatial pattern and ecosystem service value change characteristics of the typical oasis wetlands in the upper reaches of the main stream of the Tarim River, the middle reaches of the Heihe River, and the middle and lower reaches of the Shiyang River in recent 40 years before and after the implementation of wetland protection policy in 2000, and put forward the corresponding management countermeasures of oasis wetlands. The study pointed out that due to people’s pursuit of short-term economic benefits in oases before 2000, the area of oasis wetlands was greatly reduced, and the wetlands landscape was gradually fragmented, resulting in more loss of wetland ecological benefits. Under the implementation of wetland protection policy after 2000, the area of oasis wetlands in the upper reaches of the main stream of the Tarim River and the middle reaches of the Heihe River and their ecological benefits have basically increased, but wetland loss in the Shiyang River oasis was serious and the protection and restoration of its wetlands needed to be further strengthened. The total value of ecosystem services of wetlands was mainly from its regulating service function (accounting for 74%-81% of the total). The wetland area of oases was very small, but the contribution rate of wetlands to the change of total ecosystem service value of oases was large. Therefore, the protection and restoration of wetlands are very important to the stability of oasis ecosystem and the improvement of ecosystem service value.

Key words: oasis wetland, land use, spatial distribution, ecosystem service value, wetland protection, inland river basin

MENG Yangyang, HE Zhibin, LIU Bing, CHEN Longfei, LIU Bei. Changes of spatial distribution and ecosystem service value of oasis wetlands in arid areas: Taking three typical inland river basins as examples[J].Resources Science, 2020, 42(10): 2022-2034.

Figures/Tables 8

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References 43

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年份	塔河干流上游		黑河中游		石羊河中下游
年份	绿洲湿地面积/hm²	占绿洲面积比例/%	绿洲湿地面积/hm²	占绿洲面积比例/%	绿洲湿地面积/hm²	占绿洲面积比例/%
1975	60762.42	6.56	11481.93	1.09	12960.81	0.63
1990	61717.32	6.67	10229.76	0.97	14270.31	0.70
1995	65627.28	7.08	5501.43	0.52	5476.41	0.27
2000	43252.83	4.67	4803.84	0.45	4214.70	0.21
2005	45927.63	4.96	7243.92	0.69	3224.97	0.16
2015	59182.02	6.39	7345.71	0.69	2489.85	0.12

一级服务类型	二级服务类型	塔河干流上游ESV/（元/hm²）	黑河中游ESV/（元/hm²）	石羊河中下游ESV/（元/hm²）
供给服务	食物生产	776.21	895.01	488.33
	原料生产	317.42	347.18	153.62
	水资源供给	1842.98	3190.43	1621.07
调节服务	气体调节	1122.98	1219.78	522.77
	气候调节	2792.77	3106.18	1477.96
	净化环境	5401.49	6224.84	3390.08
支持服务	水文调节	22211.71	38618.88	19898.22
支持服务	土壤保持	873.94	1362.77	791.69
	维持养分循环	104.03	112.74	47.80
	生物多样性	4139.80	4440.76	1790.32
文化服务	美学景观	2774.10	3010.88	1285.65
	合计	42357.41	62529.45	31467.51

Changes of spatial distribution and ecosystem service value of oasis wetlands in arid areas: Taking three typical inland river basins as examples

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