自然资源要素综合观测质量管理体系构建

doi:10.18402/resci.2020.10.11

Abstract

Abstract:

The comprehensive observation system of natural resources has many characteristics, such as multiple objects, indicators, and technical means. In order to ensure the quality of observation data, it is necessary to build a quality management system covering the entire process from collection to publication of data products. Based on the new requirements for a quality management system by the comprehensive observation of natural resources and the analysis of the current situation of quality management systems in the field of observation in China and abroad, this study established a comprehensive observation quality management system framework according to the ISO9001 international standards. The system consists of five parts: target layer, organization layer, regulation layer, control layer, and evaluation layer. Using a modular integration design, this study built a vertical and horizontal multi-level quality control system; established a four-level external inspection process in the vertical direction including the comprehensive center, first level station, second level station, and third level station; and established an observation, proofreading, and review three-level internal inspection process in the horizontal direction. With regard to the quality control technologies, the system focuses on the quality control modules of different observational processes, established four quality control modules: QC0 (sample test quality control module), QC1 (observation data internal quality control module), QC2 (observation data external quality control module), and QC3 (data quality assessment and evaluation module). These modules improve the quality control relevance and effectiveness. By building a comprehensive quality management system and developing scientific quality control methods, this study promotes the long-term and stable development of the comprehensive observation of natural resources.

Key words: comprehensive observation of natural resources, quality management system, organizational structure, quality control method, quality control process, quality control module

LIU Jiufen, GAO Yang, FENG Xin, XUE Yanping, HE Haiyang, LAI Ming, DAI Xin. Construction of the quality management system for comprehensive observation of natural resources[J].Resources Science, 2020, 42(10): 1944-1952.

Figures/Tables 9

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观测网络	质量管理体系
全球长期生态研究网络（ILTER）	DEIMS-SDR动态信息管理体系
英国环境变化监测网络（ECN）	生态站、数据中心两级数据质量管理体系
美国长期生态研究网络（LTER）	标准化元数据质量管理体系
美国环境保护局（EPA）	政策、组织机构/计划和项目3级的质量管理体系
中国生态系统研究网络（CERN）	观测站—分中心—综合中心3级质量管理体系
国家环境监测网	国家—省—市—县4级质量管理体系

体系	组成	分类	职责内容
自然资源要素综合观测数据质量管理体系	目标层	质量目标	设立质量管理目标
	组织层	综合研究中心	负责一级站数据质量及评估,随机抽检各级观测站数据
		一级站	负责本站数据质量自检与外来数据审核,并监控二级站提交数据质量
		二级站	负责本站数据质量自检与外来数据审核,并监督三级站提交数据质量
		三级站	负责本站的数据质量自检与外来数据审核
	制度层	外部文件	国家、行业规范及上级政策性文件
	制度层	内部文件	涵盖自然资源综合观测网台站建设、运行、数据管理和应用服务等全过程的指导性、规范性文件
	控制层	数据采集准备	观测规范的质量控制和测量仪器设备的质量控制
		数据采集	野外长期观测过程的质量管理和控制
		数据汇交	数据本身的质量检查和评估（包括外部接入数据）
	评估层	质量审核与评估	对质量目标具体化、量化

具体指标	指标含义
准确度	控制标准物质分析技术指标、样品比对结果、能力验证结果、外检合格率及加标回收率等指标参数。
精密度	控制样品重复分析合格率、标准物质测试值的重现性等指标。

质量维度	具体指标	指标含义
准确性	① 正确性	检查观测仪器是否经过检定/校准,是否在检定/校准有效期内,仪器运行是否正常,以及计算、填写是否正确等。
	② 阈值检查	设置某区域某要素指标的极大值、极小值,检查数据是否落在区间内,如冻土温度在20 cm深时,一般在-50℃~50℃之间。
	③ 时变检查	连续观测数据中,当前数据与前一个数据比较,其差值大于某一阈值时,当前数据可疑。如每分钟气温变化值不会大于2℃。
	④ 逻辑一致性检查	站内逻辑性检查主要指本级观测数据之间符合客观规律、不彼此矛盾,如干球温度一定不小于湿球温度。
	⑤ 时间一致性检查	对于长序列连续数据,同一指标在不同年份相同月、日、时、分的数据对比检查。
规范性	内容规范格式规范	数据表达格式、内容是否规范,是否按标准要求的内容、格式输入输出。
完整性	观测数据完整辅助信息完整	数据表达信息是否全面,如有无缺测值,观测场地、观测方法、观测人员等数据辅助信息是否全面。

具体指标	指标含义
区域极值	各级站根据所控制区域范围,研究该地区自然资源各要素观测指标的阈值,进而对下级站提交数据进行极值检查。
空间一致性	一级站、二级站根据多站、多区域要素数据间的相关性进行逻辑一致性检查。
缺测值	对自动观测数据因仪器损坏、数据传输等原因无法补测造成的缺测,上一级站根据相邻多站长时间序列数据的规律进行插补。
规范性	检查数据格式、内容是否符合要求。

Construction of the quality management system for comprehensive observation of natural resources

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