中国海岸带自然资源区划研究

doi:10.18402/resci.2020.10.07

Abstract

Abstract:

In the coastal zone of China, natural resources are abundant and various, and very important to the coastal economy. To date, a systematic division of natural resources in coastal zone in the world is still lacking, which hinders cross-regional comparison and comprehensive evaluation of natural resources. For the purpose of systematic and scientific evaluation of the natural resources, their types, distributions, and control factors are basic parameters to be observed. This article summarized coastal natural resources distribution characteristics and examined the influencing factors, such as climate, the type of coastal zone, and power, which affect the development and distribution of natural resources. Based on these factors, the hierarchical division of natural resources in the coastal zone of China is discussed. The Chinese coastal zone is divided into four natural resources districts: the Yellow Sea to Bohai Sea coastal district, the East China Sea coastal district, the Southeast coastal district, and the Hainan Island coastal district and 16 coastal natural resources belts. At last, the article described the characteristics of natural resources in each district and belt. The results may be useful for the evaluation and rational development and utilization of natural resources in the coastal zone.

Key words: coastal zone, natural resources, zonal division, tidal-flat area, control factor, China

JIANG Zhenglong, WANG Bing, JIANG Lingxiu, CHEN Ying, LIU Jiufen, REN Yongji, ZHANG He. Zonal division of natural resources in the coastal zone of China[J].Resources Science, 2020, 42(10): 1900-1910.

Figures/Tables 4

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Table 1

Zonal division of the coastal zone of China and the main natural resource characteristics"

I级划区	II级区划
黄-渤海海岸自然资源区	A类,以基岩海岸带为主的二级带	辽东半岛基岩砂砾质(I-1)	辽宁半岛自然资源多种多样,包括气候、陆地水土地、海洋等资源^[43,44]
		葫芦岛-山海关基岩砂砾质(I-3)	葫芦岛海岸带拥有丰富的水、土地、矿产、生物等资源;山海关海岸带拥有丰富的淡水、水产、林果、矿产等资源
		山东半岛基岩砂砾质(I-6)	山东半岛海岸带渔业资源丰富,具有丰富的海盐、旅游、港口、近海砂矿等资源^[45,46]
	B类,以淤泥质平原海岸带为主的二级带	秦皇岛-天津(I-4)	秦皇岛海岸带水资源、海洋资源丰富,矿产资源种类较为齐全;天津海岸带拥有水、矿产（金属和非金属矿主要分布在天津北部分区,油气主要埋藏在平原区和渤海湾大陆架）、地热等资源
	B类,以淤泥质平原海岸带为主的二级带	苏东北部(I-7)	拥有矿产、海岸带生物、海水化学、海涂和海港等资源
	C类,以三角洲海岸带为主的二级带	辽河湾(I-2)	土地面积丰富,滩涂面积广大,是辽宁省荒地分布最集中的地方;地表水资源丰富;蕴藏着丰富的油气资源^[47]
	C类,以三角洲海岸带为主的二级带	黄河口(I-5)	黄河口是世界土地资源增生速度最快的地区,土地资源丰富;海盐、水沙、气候资源比较丰富;生物资源蕴藏量较大^[41,48]
东海海岸自然资源区	A类,以基岩砂砾质海岸带为主的二级带	浙东南部基岩港湾淤泥质(Ⅱ-3)	矿产、滩涂、森林、湿地、渔业、港口、水等资源相对丰富
	B类,以淤泥质平原海岸带为主的二级带	苏东南部(Ⅱ-1)	主要分布有土地、水热、生物、矿产等自然资源
	C类,以三角洲海岸带为主的二级带	长江口-杭州湾(Ⅱ-2)	长江三角洲矿产资源主要分布在江苏、浙江两省,江苏的矿产资源相对丰富,土地资源类型多样（6大类14小类）,水资源量丰富;杭州湾自然资源丰富,包括土地、港口航道、淡水、水产、旅游、地热等资源^[49,50,51]
东南沿海海岸自然资源区	A类,以基岩海岸带为主的二级带	福州-厦门基岩港湾淤泥质(Ⅲ-1)	福建海岸带土地、海洋、森林、矿产等资源丰富;厦门海岸带旅游和矿产资源丰富,海域生物资源种类多,水产品总量居全国第二位^[52]
		广东东部砂砾质海岸带(Ⅲ-2)	广东东南海岸带土地、旅游、矿产、生物等自然资源
		琼州半岛基岩港湾淤泥质(Ⅲ-4)	滩涂资源丰富,红树林众多,海底石油丰富
	C类,以三角洲海岸带为主的二级带	北部湾三角洲淤泥(Ⅲ-5)	北部湾滩涂资源丰富,红树林众多,海底石油、天然气资源可观,鱼类、虾蟹、贝类众多,是中国优良的渔场之一
	C类,以三角洲海岸带为主的二级带	珠江口三角洲(Ⅲ-3)	珠江口自然资源丰富,包括矿产、滩涂、海盐等资源,“桑基鱼塘”综合经营方式
海南岛海岸自然资源区	A类,以基岩砂砾质海岸带为主的二级带	海南岛北部-东-东南部(Ⅳ-1)	土地、湿地、旅游、矿产等资源丰富
海南岛海岸自然资源区	D类,以砂砾质平原海岸带为主的二级带	海南岛西南部 (Ⅳ-2)	生物、温泉资源丰富

Table 1

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Zonal division of natural resources in the coastal zone of China

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