家庭生命周期对农户宅基地退出意愿的影响

doi:10.18402/resci.2020.09.05

Abstract

Abstract:

Family life cycle is an important factor that influences farming households’ behaviors and decisions. Examining the influencing factors of the willingness of farming households to exit from their rural residential land from the perspective of family life cycle is helpful to identify farming households’ different policy needs and pattern of change at different stages. This study analyzed the comprehensive impact and specific impact mechanisms of family life cycle on the willingness of farming households to withdraw from their homesteads, and conducted an empirical analysis using the survey data of farming households in typical areas of Sichuan Province. The result shows that the specific impact of family life cycle on the willingness to withdraw from a homestead is mainly reflected in three aspects: housing demand, division of labor, and support burden. There is a significant difference in farming households’ willingness to exit from rural residential land at different family life cycle stages, which appears in a N-shaped trend through the life cycle (low-high-low-high). In addition, there are differences in the key factors impacting the willingness to exit in different life cycle stages. Growing nuclear families are more concerned about children’s education and the accumulation of family capital; mature nuclear families are more inclined to migrating to an urban area, and extended families with young grandchildren are more concerned about the improvement of the ability to support the family. Therefore, under a consistent policy the government should adopt differentiated measures to respond to different farming households’ characteristics and their policy needs at different stages of the family life cycle.

Key words: family life cycle, rural residential land institution, farming households’ willingness to exit, binomial logistic regression model, Sichuan Province

LI Min, CHEN Yao, TANG Peng, FENG Yue. Influence of family life cycle on farming households’ willingness to exit rural residential land[J].Resources Science, 2020, 42(9): 1692-1703.

Figures/Tables 6

Table 1

Figure 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

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家庭类型	主要特征
夫妇核心家庭	新婚夫妇与原生家庭分离,未生育子女
成长核心家庭	夫妇生育子女,子女未成年
成熟核心家庭	子女成年但未生育,仍共同居住
扩大家庭Ⅰ	子女生育,三世同堂,孙辈未成年
扩大家庭Ⅱ	子女生育,三世同堂,孙辈已成年
萎缩家庭	成年子女离家

变量	变量定义与赋值	均值	标准差	预期影响
因变量
宅基地退出意愿	愿意退出=1,不愿意退出=0	0.78	0.42
关键解释变量
家庭生命周期
成长核心家庭（参照组）	0	0.24	0.42
成熟核心家庭	成熟核心家庭=1,其他类型家庭=0	0.21	0.41
扩大家庭Ⅰ	扩大家庭Ⅰ=1,其他类型家庭=0	0.33	0.47
扩大家庭Ⅱ	扩大家庭Ⅱ=1,其他类型家庭=0	0.14	0.35
萎缩家庭	萎缩家庭=1,其他类型家庭=0	0.08	0.27
住宅需求
人均宅基地面积	家庭宅基地总面积/总人数,单位：m²/人	78.12	74.25	–
城镇购房	是=1,否=0	0.11	0.31	+
劳动分工
人均承包地面积	家庭承包地总面积/总人数,单位：亩/人	0.54	0.52	–
兼业程度	完全农业=1;农业为主=2;非农为主=3;完全非农=4	3.27	0.86	+
承包地流转	是=1,否=0	0.54	0.50	+
供养负担
供养比	未就业人数/总人数×100,单位：%	0.37	0.25	–
家庭年纯收入	≤0.5万元=1, （0.5万元,1万元]=2, （1万元,1.5万元]=3, （1.5万元,3万元]=4, （3万元,5万元]=5, （5万元,7万元]=6, （7万元,9万元]=7,>9万元=8	3.79	2.01	+
控制变量
个人特征
性别	男=1,女=0	0.53	0.55	+/–
年龄	单位：岁	55.45	12.62	+
文化程度	小学及以下=1, 初中=2, 高中（职校、中专）=3, 本科（大专）及以上=4	1.57	0.76	+
政策因素
补偿安置政策合理性	非常不合理=1, 不太合理=2, 一般=3, 比较合理=4, 非常合理=5	3.11	1.06	+
退出程序规范性	非常不规范=1, 不太规范=2, 一般=3, 比较规范=4, 非常规范=5	3.52	1.05	+
村庄环境
村庄与城镇中心距离	单位：km	3.36	1.86	+

家庭特征	成长核心家庭	成熟核心家庭	扩大家庭Ⅰ	扩大家庭Ⅱ	萎缩家庭
样本数/户	160	143	223	97	55
频率/%	23.60	21.09	32.89	14.31	8.11
宅基地退出意愿	0.68	0.85	0.80	0.78	0.78
人均宅基地面积/（m²/人）	81.81	82.13	67.28	63.17	127.33
城镇购房	0.11	0.13	0.09	0.09	0.13
人均承包地面积/（亩/人）	0.46	0.72	0.45	0.48	0.80
兼业程度	3.35	3.31	3.34	3.36	2.51
承包地流转	0.56	0.57	0.57	0.48	0.36
供养比/%	44.89	24.24	43.95	29.94	33.21
家庭年纯收入	4.06	3.56	4.00	4.35	1.78

变量		模型1		模型2		模型3		模型4
变量		B	exp（B）	B	exp（B）	B	exp（B）	B	exp（B）
家庭生命周期	成熟核心家庭	1.06***	2.89	1.06***	2.92	1.06***	2.88	1.05***	2.84
	扩大家庭Ⅰ	0.66***	1.93	0.59**	1.80	0.55**	1.73	0.54**	1.72
	扩大家庭Ⅱ	0.51	1.67	0.43	1.54	0.43	1.54	0.41	1.51
	萎缩家庭	1.19**	3.27	1.00**	2.72	1.04**	2.82	1.01**	2.74
住宅需求	人均宅基地面积	-0.00**	1.00	-0.00**	1.00	-0.00*	1.00	-0.00*	1.00
住宅需求	城镇购房	0.39	1.48	0.35	1.43	0.25	1.29	0.25	1.29
劳动分工	人均承包地面积	0.66***	1.93	0.69***	2.00	0.66***	1.94	0.68***	1.98
	兼业程度	0.24*	1.27	0.24*	1.27	0.24*	1.27	0.23*	1.26
	承包地流转	0.58***	1.79	0.51**	1.67	0.46**	1.58	0.45**	1.57
供养负担	供养人数占总人数比	0.11	1.12	0.07	1.07	-0.04	0.96	-0.05	0.95
供养负担	家庭年纯收入	0.15***	1.17	0.16***	1.18	0.17***	1.18	0.17***	1.19
个人特征	性别			-0.65***	0.52	-0.76***	0.47	-0.76***	0.47
	年龄			0.01	1.01	0.01	1.01	0.01	1.01
	文化程度			0.22	1.25	0.13	1.14	0.13	1.13
政策因素	补偿安置政策合理性					0.49***	1.63	0.49***	1.63
政策因素	退出程序规范性					0.27***	1.31	0.26***	1.30
村庄环境	村庄与城镇距离							-0.03	0.96
常量		-1.14**	0.32	-1.74**	0.18	-3.79***	0.02	-3.65***	0.03
Cox & Snell R²		0.08		0.10		0.14		0.14
Negelkerke R²		0.12		0.15		0.22		0.22

变量		成长核心家庭	成熟核心家庭	扩大家庭Ⅰ	扩大家庭Ⅱ
住宅需求	人均宅基地面积	-0.01	0.00	-0.00	-0.00
住宅需求	城镇购房	-0.22	0.02	1.08	0.49
就业配置	人均承包地面积	0.97	1.01	0.47	0.15
	兼业程度	0.92***	-0.60	0.04	0.59
	承包地流转	0.78	1.58**	0.20	-0.58
供养负担	供养比	0.09	0.24	-0.79	-0.90
供养负担	家庭年纯收入	0.37***	0.16	0.18*	0.02
控制变量		控制	控制	控制	控制
总样本		160	143	223	97

Influence of family life cycle on farming households’ willingness to exit rural residential land

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