青藏高原东部生态敏感区生境质量时空演变特征——以青海省河湟谷地为例

doi:10.18402/resci.2020.05.16

Abstract

Abstract:

The Hehuang Valley is located in the transitional region between the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Loess Plateau, and is the economic and cultural center of Qinghai Province. The fragile ecological environment in this region is in conflict with the intense human activities. For the assessment of habitat quality in ecologically sensitive areas under landscape pattern change, this study highlighted the transformation process among different landscape types by using the improved flow transfer matrix, and calculated the habitat quality of the Hehuang Valley from 1995 to 2015 with the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) model, analyzing its spatiotemporal change and cold-hot spot distribution characteristics, along with characterizing the correlation between habitat quality and landscape pattern elements with gray relational degree. The results show that: (1) From 1995 to 2015, grassland, construction land, and water area kept increasing, and landscape types showed the characteristics of fragmentation, complexity, and heterogeneity. (2) Habitat quality of the Hehuang Valley was divided by the line connecting Guide County and Ledu County higher habitat quality and more concentrated hotspots were distributed to the south of this line. (3) Correlation between habitat quality and landscape pattern indices including Shannon’s Diversity Index (SHDI), Shannon’s Evenness Index (SHEI), Landscape Division Index (DIVISION), Contagion (CONTAG), Largest Patch Index (LPI) and the scale of forest land and grassland is higher, and is lower with construction land area, showing that under the influence of ecological protection policies, construction land increased by occupying landscape types other than high quality habitat types, such as forest land and grassland. The results can be used to guide the identification of ecologically sensitive areas and the demarcation of ecological red line in the Hehuang Valley.

Key words: habitat quality, InVEST model, Flow transfer matrix, landscape pattern index, grey relational degree, Hehuang Valley, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

ZHU Jie, GONG Jian, LI Jingye. Spatiotemporal change of habitat quality in ecologically sensitive areas of eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: A case study of the Hehuang Valley, Qinghai Province[J].Resources Science, 2020, 42(5): 991-1003.

Figures/Tables 12

Figure 1

Table 1

Flow transfer matrix"

	景观类型 1	景观类型 2	景观类型 3	流出
景观类型 1		$C 12 ∑ i=1 3 ∑ j=3 1 C ij$	$C 13 ∑ i=1 3 ∑ j=3 1 C ij$	$C 12+13 ∑ i=1 3 ∑ j=3 1 C ij$
景观类型 2	$C 21 ∑ i=1 3 ∑ j=3 1 C ij$		$C 23 ∑ i=1 3 ∑ j=3 1 C ij$	$C 21+23 ∑ i=1 3 ∑ j=3 1 C ij$
景观类型 3	$C 31 ∑ i=1 3 ∑ j=3 1 C ij$	$C 32 ∑ i=1 3 ∑ j=3 1 C ij$		$C 31+32 ∑ i=1 3 ∑ j=3 1 C ij$
流入	$C 21+31 ∑ i=1 3 ∑ j=3 1 C ij$	$C 12+32 ∑ i=1 3 ∑ j=3 1 C ij$	$C 13+23 ∑ i=1 3 ∑ j=3 1 C ij$	$∑ i = 1 3 ∑ j = 1 3 C ij - C ii$

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Figure 2

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

References 41

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威胁因子	最大影响距离/km	权重	衰退类型
建设用地	8.00	1.00	exponential
国道	6.00	1.00	linear
省道	4.00	0.85	linear
高速公路	2.00	0.80	linear
铁路	2.00	0.80	linear
耕地	4.00	0.70	exponential

地类名称	生境适宜度	建设用地	国道	省道	高速公路	铁路	耕地
林地	1.00	0.80	0.80	0.80	0.80	0.75	0.70
草地	1.00	0.75	0.80	0.80	0.80	0.75	0.70
水域	0.80	0.70	0.65	0.65	0.65	0.60	0.65
耕地	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.30	0.25
未利用地	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

1995年景观类型	2015年景观类型
1995年景观类型	草地	耕地	建设用地	林地	水域	未利用地	流出
草地		1.88	0.20	2.78	0.08	0.87	5.82
耕地	2.35		1.65	1.54	0.18	0.10	5.82
建设用地	0.03	0.18		0.02	0.02	0.01	0.26
林地	3.96	0.47	0.21		0.20	0.29	5.13
水域	0.05	0.09	0.02	0.12		0.03	0.31
未利用地	1.36	0.29	0.07	0.48	0.05		2.24
流入	7.75	2.91	2.16	4.94	0.53	1.30	19.58

年份	景观破碎化指数
年份	NP/个	PD/（个/hm²）	LPI/%	AREA_MN/hm²	DIVISION/%
1995	7137	20.23	10.6298	494.2380	97.25
2005	8058	22.84	10.2255	437.7484	97.58
2015	9597	27.21	10.7360	367.5499	97.59
年份	景观形状指数			景观多样性指数
年份	ED/（m/hm²）	LSI	CONTAG/%	SHDI	SHEI
1995	13.9863	68.0368	58.1295	1.3770	0.7685
2005	14.7630	71.6838	57.8227	1.3828	0.7717
2015	15.5796	75.5180	57.0628	1.4037	0.7834

等级	1995年		2005年		2015年
等级	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%
差	2947.66	8.36	2880.00	8.16	3283.34	9.31
中等	4616.17	13.09	4295.91	12.18	4063.58	11.52
良好	3233.35	9.17	3158.92	8.96	2829.07	8.02
优等	24476.59	69.39	24938.93	70.70	25097.78	71.15

Spatiotemporal change of habitat quality in ecologically sensitive areas of eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: A case study of the Hehuang Valley, Qinghai Province

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