基于生态足迹理论的中国生态供需平衡时空动态

doi:10.18402/resci.2020.05.15

Abstract

Abstract:

The balance of ecological supply and demand is a scientific question in the field of ecological civilization research, and a practical basis for the construction of ecological civilization. Because of its social-ecological attributes and measurability, ecological footprint has become an entry point in the study of the linkages between ecological supply and ecological demand. Based on the ecological footprint theory, an ecological footprint account was constructed in this study and ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity calculation methods were optimized for the evaluation of ecological supply and demand in China during 1995-2015. The results show that: (1) Ecological footprint had grown rapidly since 2000, and finally formed a stepped pattern of decrease from the eastern to the central and western regions. The ecological carrying capacity was locally adjusted and the pattern was stable. (2) Ecological supply and demand situation had undergone qualitative change around 2005 in China, shifting from ecological surplus to ecological deficit. Up to 2015, the occupation of the natural environment required 1.39 China to meet existing ecological needs. (3) The ecological overload in the eastern region was much larger than in other regions. The ecological carrying capacity of the western region was poor, and the growth of ecological footprint had caused the acceleration of ecological overload in the western region. Among the western provinces (municipalities, autonomous regions), Ningxia and Xinjiang had serious ecological overload, and the ecological footprint was growing at a medium and high speed, which should be paid special attention. (4) The control of energy footprint and pollution footprint is the core to improve the balance of regional ecological supply and demand. The research results can provide some reference for regional ecological civilization construction and ecological planning in China.

Key words: ecological footprint, ecological carrying capacity, ECCI, spatiotemporal dynamics, ecological surplus, ecological deficit

HONG Shunfa, GUO Qinghai, LI Dawei. Spatiotemporal dynamics of ecological supply and demand based on ecological footprint theory[J].Resources Science, 2020, 42(5): 980-990.

Figures/Tables 8

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References 42

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生态生产性土地类型	生态足迹核算项目
耕地	谷物、豆类、薯类、花生、油菜籽、芝麻、向日葵、胡麻籽、棉花、麻类、烟叶、甘蔗、甜菜、蔬菜、猪肉、牛肉（饲养86%）、羊肉（饲养57%）、牛奶（饲养72%）
林地	桃子、梨、柑橘类、葡萄、红枣、柿子、苹果、香蕉、猕猴桃、石榴、菠萝、荔枝、芒果、油桐籽、乌桕籽、五倍籽、板栗、茶叶、蚕茧、核桃、竹笋干、棕片、生漆、橡胶、咖啡、椰子、腰果、剑麻、木材、竹材
草地	牛肉（放牧14%）、羊肉（放牧43%）、牛奶（放牧28%）
水域	淡水捕捞水产品、淡水养殖水产品
化石能源用地	煤炭、汽油、煤油、柴油、燃料油、天然气
污染消纳用地	工业废水、工业废气（SO₂）、固体废弃物

省份	耕地	林地	草地	水域
上海	0.84	0.60	2.26	1.24
安徽	1.53	1.31	5.04	1.56
湖南	1.25	1.05	4.52	1.90
天津	0.76	0.67	2.18	0.80
河北	0.75	0.71	2.31	0.96
山西	0.47	0.58	1.50	0.56
重庆	1.24	0.85	4.07	1.58
宁夏	0.14	0.17	0.29	0.16
陕西	0.97	1.07	4.05	1.18
江苏	1.43	0.92	2.91	1.54
河南	1.43	1.07	3.39	1.69
山东	0.96	0.53	2.57	1.10
云南	1.16	1.07	4.01	1.36
贵州	0.79	0.64	2.80	1.26
江西	1.34	1.34	4.79	1.59
辽宁	0.94	0.88	2.76	1.21
甘肃	0.33	0.59	1.27	0.40
浙江	1.32	1.55	7.04	1.61
福建	2.01	1.79	8.50	2.21
广西	1.08	1.10	4.08	1.71
青海	0.20	0.24	0.47	0.08
内蒙古	0.31	0.62	0.61	0.23
吉林	0.94	1.11	2.40	1.18
黑龙江	0.99	1.07	4.06	1.04
湖北	1.50	1.11	4.74	1.83
广东	1.26	1.58	5.75	1.67
海南	1.13	1.68	8.02	1.99
北京	0.73	0.91	3.85	1.06
四川	1.37	0.69	2.10	1.52
新疆	0.21	0.12	0.20	0.09

类型	生态承载状况	ECCI
生态盈余区	高度盈余	ECCI ≤0.5
	中度盈余	0.5<ECCI ≤0.7
	轻度盈余	0.7<ECCI ≤0.9
生态临界区	平衡有余	0.9<ECCI ≤1.0
	临界超载	1.0<ECCI ≤1.1
生态赤字区	轻度超载	1.1<ECCI ≤1.8
	中度超载	1.8<ECCI ≤2.8
	高度超载	ECCI >2.8

Spatiotemporal dynamics of ecological supply and demand based on ecological footprint theory

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