Resources Science ›› 2020, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5): 870-880.doi: 10.18402/resci.2020.05.06
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HE Siyuan1, LI Heyao1,2, MIN Qingwen1,2()
Received:
2018-12-05
Revised:
2019-11-16
Online:
2020-05-25
Published:
2020-07-25
Contact:
Qingwen MIN
E-mail:minqw@igsnrr.ac.cn
HE Siyuan, LI Heyao, MIN Qingwen. Value and conservation actors of Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (IAHS) from the perspective of rural households[J].Resources Science, 2020, 42(5): 870-880.
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Table 1
Possible bias and solutions of contingent valuation method (CVM) for willingness to pay (WTP)"
偏差影响因素 | 偏差描述 | 偏差处理 |
---|---|---|
投标起点偏差 | CVM研究中建议的投标起点和间距使受访者产生对WTP范围的误解 | 预调查确定基本支付范围,采用支付卡格式,增加“其他金额”选项 |
抗议反应偏差 | 受访者倾向于反对假想市场和支付工具而引起的偏差 | 支付方式置于是否同意支付问题之前,增加抗议支付原因调查 |
假象偏差 | 受访者对假想市场问题与面对真实市场时反应不同而导致与真实结果的偏差 | 强调受访者考量家庭经济约束 |
策略性偏差 | 受访者试图影响调查结果或实际决策而故意隐瞒真实支付意愿 | 强调匿名调查和调查学术用途,剔除异常支付意愿值 |
信息偏差 | 对评估对象不够了解导致受访者难以表达支付意愿 | 充分描述评估对象的真实情况,先行设计让受访者进入评估语境的其他问题 |
调查者偏差 | 不同调查员和调查语言对评估结果产生的影响 | 统一培训农业局人员来组织调查 |
Table 2
Descriptive statistics of the variables of respondents and households"
变量 | 分类 | 占比/% | 支付比/% | 支付意愿期望值/元 | 变量特征描述 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
性别 | 男 | 88.2 | 45.5 | 83.4 | 男性偏高,女性偏低 |
女 | 11.8 | 32.0 | 32.0 | ||
年龄 | < 30 | 1.7 | 50.0 | 125.0 | 30~39岁最高,50~59岁最低,总体呈下降 |
30~39 | 3.8 | 55.6 | 177.8 | ||
40~49 | 25.4 | 51.7 | 93.3 | ||
50~59 | 45.3 | 41.1 | 54.2 | ||
≥ 60 | 23.7 | 39.3 | 75.0 | ||
教育程度 | 小学及以下 | 19.2 | 29.3 | 31.7 | 高中层次最高,小学最低(大学以上仅有一户),总体呈现上升 |
初中 | 59.8 | 42.2 | 71.1 | ||
高中 | 20.6 | 47.7 | 93.2 | ||
大学及以上 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||
家庭年收入/万元 | ≤ 3 | 2.5 | 33.3 | 5.0 | 家庭年收入10万~20万最高,小于3万最低,总体呈现上升 |
(3,5] | 7.5 | 22.2 | 44.4 | ||
(5,10] | 36.4 | 39.1 | 86.2 | ||
(10,20] | 48.1 | 54.8 | 88.7 | ||
>20 | 5.4 | 38.5 | 69.2 | ||
家庭人口数 | ≤ 3 | 28.4 | 50.7 | 90.4 | 3人及以下家庭最高,总体呈现下降 |
(3,5] | 51.8 | 42.9 | 78.9 | ||
(5,7] | 19.1 | 34.7 | 65.3 | ||
> 7 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||
劳动力比例/% | ≤ 30 | 2.3 | 33.3 | 50.0 | 劳动力比例50%~80%的最高,小于30%最低 |
(30,50] | 14.4 | 43.2 | 86.5 | ||
(50,80] | 72.4 | 44.9 | 88.1 | ||
> 80 | 10.9 | 39.3 | 57.1 | ||
外出务工比例/% | ≤ 30 | 24.5 | 38.1 | 66.7 | 务工比例50%~80%的最高,小于30%最低 |
(30,50] | 59.1 | 44.1 | 76.3 | ||
(50,80] | 10.9 | 50.0 | 139.3 | ||
> 80 | 5.4 | 42.9 | 42.8 | ||
遗产了解情况 | 了解 | 27.2 | 40.0 | 77.1 | 有所了解的最高,不了解的最低,总体呈现下降 |
一般 | 41.2 | 50.9 | 93.4 | ||
不了解 | 31.5 | 35.8 | 61.7 | ||
遗产地品牌影响 | 有影响 | 25.3 | 41.5 | 132.3 | 不清楚的最低,有影响的最高 |
不清楚 | 25.3 | 41.5 | 55.4 | ||
没影响 | 49.4 | 44.9 | 63.8 | ||
保护价值判断 | 值得保护 | 70.4 | 45.9 | 91.2 | 认为不值得保护的最低,值得保护的最高 |
无所谓 | 26.1 | 37.3 | 52.2 | ||
不值得保护 | 3.5 | 33.3 | 33.3 |
Table 4
Independent variables in the Logit regression model"
自变量 | 变量及赋值 |
---|---|
性别 | 男=1;女=2 |
年龄 | [18,30)=1;[30,39]=2;[40,49]=3;[50,59]=4;60及以上=5 |
教育程度 | 小学及以下=1;初中=2;高中=3;大学及以上=4 |
家庭年收入/万元 | 3及以下=1;(3,5]=2;(5,10]=3;(10,20]=4;20以上=5 |
家庭人口数 | 3及以下=1;(3,5]=2;(5,7]=3;7以上=4 |
劳动力比例/% | 30及以下=1;(30,50]=2;(50,80]=3;80以上=4 |
外出务工比例/% | 30及以下=1;(30,50]=2;(50,80]=3;80以上=4 |
对农业文化遗产了解程度 | 完全不了解=1;不了解=2;一般=3;了解=4;完全了解=5 |
农业文化遗产对生计影响程度 | 影响非常小=1;影响小=2;影响一般=3;影响大=4;影响非常大=5 |
农业文化遗产是否值得保护 | 非常不值得=1;不值得=2;一般=3;值得=4;非常值得=5 |
Table 5
Logit regression results"
自变量 | B偏回归系数 | 标准差 | Wald检验值 | 自由度 | 显著性水平 | Exp(B)检验值 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
性别 | -0.080 | 0.564 | 0.020 | 1 | 0.887 | 0.923 |
年龄 | 0.359 | 0.254 | 1.990 | 1 | 0.158 | 1.432 |
教育程度 | 0.421 | 0.367 | 1.317 | 1 | 0.251 | 1.524 |
家庭年收入 | 0.880 | 0.310 | 8.030 | 1 | 0.005** | 2.410 |
家庭人口数 | -0.916 | 0.299 | 9.401 | 1 | 0.002** | 0.400 |
劳动力比例 | -0.584 | 0.292 | 4.010 | 1 | 0.045* | 0.557 |
外出务工比例 | -0.391 | 0.250 | 2.454 | 1 | 0.117 | 0.676 |
对农业文化遗产了解程度 | 0.728 | 0.254 | 8.229 | 1 | 0.004** | 2.071 |
农业文化遗产对生计影响程度 | -0.538 | 0.193 | 7.794 | 1 | 0.005** | 0.584 |
农业文化遗产是否值得保护 | 0.173 | 0.284 | 0.373 | 1 | 0.541 | 1.189 |
常数项 | -2.586 | 2.373 | 1.187 | 1 | 0.276 | 0.075 |
Table 6
Model results of optimal scaling regression"
自变量 | B系数 | 标准差 | 自由度 | F值 | 显著性水平 | 重要性 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
性别 | 0.101 | 0.056 | 1 | 3.299 | 0.073 | 0.041 |
年龄 | -0.191 | 0.131 | 3 | 2.106 | 0.105 | 0.134 |
教育程度 | 0.087 | 0.115 | 2 | 0.573 | 0.566 | 0.035 |
家庭年收入 | -0.221 | 0.168 | 1 | 1.724 | 0.193 | 0.089 |
家庭人口数 | 0.124 | 0.146 | 2 | 0.717 | 0.491 | -0.005 |
劳动力比例 | -0.031 | 0.144 | 1 | 0.046 | 0.830 | 0.015 |
外出务工比例 | 0.242 | 0.140 | 2 | 2.968 | 0.056 | 0.115 |
对农业文化遗产了解程度 | 0.103 | 0.181 | 2 | 0.324 | 0.724 | 0.015 |
农业文化遗产对生计影响程度 | 0.395* | 0.133 | 3 | 8.777 | 0.000 | 0.424 |
农业文化遗产是否值得保护 | 0.254** | 0.129 | 3 | 3.892 | 0.012 | 0.136 |
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