中国规模农户设施农业经营状况及影响因素

doi:10.18402/resci.2020.04.13

Abstract

Abstract:

Facility agriculture is a symbol of agricultural modernization and an important way to improve the quality and efficiency of agricultural products and production. As the leader and innovator of modern agriculture, large-scale farmers can greatly promote the development of facility agriculture. Using Probit and Tobit models, this study analyzed the development status of facility agriculture of specialized households and family farms based on the data of the second phase of the “national new agricultural management entities development index survey.” The results show that: The proportion of these two types of farmers operating facility agriculture is low, their planting scale is small, the types of products are diversified, and the main products are vegetables. The operation of facility agriculture is restricted by capital and technology, and the overall benefit is not high. In addition, the development of facility agriculture is significantly affected by the characteristics of household heads, family characteristics, external environment, among other factors. On the whole, the richer the household head’s human capital is, the more beneficial it is to the development of facility agriculture. The influence of family characteristics on different types of farmers is inconsistent. External environment plays a significant role in promoting the development of facility agriculture. Industrial agglomeration is an important direction for facility agriculture to grow and become stronger and for realizing agricultural modernization. Therefore, in order to further promote the development of facility agriculture of family farms and specialized households, the government also needs to support them in terms of policy, capital, technical support, and market development.

Key words: facility agriculture, family farm, specialized household, large-scale farmers, agricultural modernization

HAN Xudong, WANG Ruonan, CUI Mengyi, ZHENG Fengtian. An empirical analysis on the development status and influencing factors of facility agriculture of large-scale farmers[J].Resources Science, 2020, 42(4): 749-962.

Figures/Tables 8

Figure 1

Table 1

Table 2

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Table 4

Empirical results on the influencing factors of facility agriculture development"

变量	设施农业			经营规模			亩均销售额
变量	全体农户	专业大户	家庭农场	全体农户	专业大户	家庭农场	全体农户	专业大户	家庭农场
男性（以女性为参照）	-0.470*	-0.501	-0.051	-0.204	0.387	-1.037	-1.511	0.702	-3.700
	(0.254)	(0.309)	(0.056)	(0.682)	(1.019)	(0.942)	(1.966)	(3.348)	(2.407)
年龄	-0.008	-0.005	-0.001	-0.063**	-0.049	-0.060	-0.066	-0.108	0.023
	(0.007)	(0.0010)	(0.001)	(0.028)	(0.038)	(0.038)	(0.067)	(0.117)	(0.076)
初中（以小学及以下为参照）	-0.260	-0.117	-0.048	-0.483	-0.381	-0.679	1.811	2.489	1.570
	(0.186)	(0.232)	(0.0381)	(0.660)	(0.867)	(0.961)	(1.986)	(3.132)	(2.339)
高中/中专	0.0153	0.242	-0.046	-0.516	0.228	-1.688*	1.838	3.475	-0.139
	(0.198)	(0.255)	(0.043)	(0.700)	(0.899)	(0.997)	(2.111)	(3.337)	(2.409)
大专及以上	0.061	0.0300	0.0054	0.199	0.493	-0.754	3.364	8.565*	0.627
	(0.280)	(0.442)	(0.0690)	(0.983)	(1.520)	(1.255)	(2.749)	(5.137)	(2.892)
技术职称（以没有为参照）	0.027	0.069	0.006	-0.293	-0.236	-0.0618	-0.771	-0.847	-0.430
	(0.145)	(0.193)	(0.0316)	(0.570)	(0.803)	(0.769)	(1.403)	(2.500)	(1.510)
合作社负责人	0.208	0.276	0.0003	1.022*	0.363	1.085	3.557***	5.675**	1.498
	(0.153)	(0.212)	(0.0382)	(0.535)	(0.740)	(0.763)	(1.372)	(2.266)	(1.614)
家庭劳动人口占比	-0.240	0.145	-0.116**	-0.185	0.869	-1.416	-0.050	2.300	-2.100
	(0.247)	(0.329)	(0.054)	(0.878)	(1.177)	(1.211)	(2.262)	(3.954)	(2.628)
经营面积	-0.031*	-0.013	-0.008**	0.257***	0.282***	0.122	0.390***	0.625***	0.040
	(0.017)	(0.022)	(0.004)	(0.068)	(0.092)	(0.106)	(0.142)	(0.210)	(0.191)
经营收入	0.022	-0.017	0.013*	0.006	-0.032	0.179	0.448	-0.052	1.418***
	(0.038)	(0.042)	(0.008)	(0.120)	(0.148)	(0.190)	(0.318)	(0.391)	(0.470)
产业环境	2.538***	2.257***	0.428***	5.041***	5.276***	4.776***	9.900***	12.550***	7.730***
	(0.188)	(0.197)	(0.0367)	(0.437)	(0.690)	(0.573)	(1.360)	(2.494)	(1.431)
交通条件	-0.003	-0.00706*	0.000338	0.00239	-0.025*	0.0251*	0.0140	-0.0687	0.0653**
	(0.003)	(0.004)	(0.0006)	(0.009)	(0.014)	(0.013)	(0.024)	(0.047)	(0.027)
中部地区	-0.0782	-0.126	-0.00639	-0.851	-0.974	-1.039	-3.163**	-4.614	-2.523*
	(0.148)	(0.208)	(0.0256)	(0.528)	(0.836)	(0.669)	(1.393)	(2.816)	(1.436)
西部地区	-0.130	-0.420	0.061	-0.310	-0.521	0.223	0.244	-0.263	1.818
	(0.237)	(0.320)	(0.0527)	(0.800)	(1.178)	(1.107)	(2.201)	(3.684)	(2.650)
Constant	-1.880***	-1.633**	0.0763	-4.979**	-6.165**	-4.595	-23.49***	-23.56**	-30.72***
	(0.666)	(0.794)	(0.144)	(2.345)	(3.109)	(3.604)	(6.573)	(9.218)	(8.865)
sigma				4.117***	3.739***	4.183***	9.742***	10.90***	8.120***
				(0.237)	(0.360)	(0.315)	(0.601)	(0.973)	(0.674)
Observations	1364	819	545	1345	807	538	1364	819	545
（伪）R²	0.4196	0.3998	0.2897	0.1491	0.1924	0.1278	0.1126	0.1565	0.1063

Table 4

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变量	变量名	说明	专业大户					家庭农场				T检验值	预期影响
变量	变量名	说明	平均值	标准误	最小值	最大值		平均值	标准误	最小值	最大值	T检验值	预期影响
因变量	设施农业	是否开展了设施农业：0=否;1=是	0.0935	0.2912	0	1		0.1379	0.3450	0	1	-0.0444***
	经营规模	经营规模,取对数	-4.1663	1.7124	-4.6052	5.9915		-3.6023	2.5959	-4.6052	6.6846	-0.5640***
	亩均销售额	亩均销售额,取对数	0.2584	1.5712	0	12.3985		0. 3781	1.8443	0	12.8992	-0.1198
户主特征	性别	0=女;1=男	0.9157	0.2779	0	1		0.9252	0.2632	0	1	-0.0095	+
户主特征	年龄	岁	49.4783	8.8420	25	83		47.1541		8.9866	24	77	2.3242***	-
	文化程度	0=小学及以下;1=初中;2=高中/中专;3=大专及以上	1.1539	0.7643	0	3		1.3234	0.7734	0	3	-0.1695***	+
	技术职称	是否有专业技术职称:0=否;1=是	0.2157	0.4115	0	1		0.2436	0.4296	0	1	-0.0279	+
	合作社负责人	是否是合作社负责人:0=否;1=是	0.1399	0.3470	0	1		0.1602	0.3670	0	1	-0.0203	+
家庭特征	家庭劳动人口占比	家庭劳动力数/家庭总人口数	0.6911	0.2469	0	1		0.7014	0.2443	0	1	-0.0103	+
	经营面积	经营面积,取对数	1.0381	4.0854	-4.6052	9.6803		2.9593	3.5681	-4.6052	8.7015	-1.9211***	-/+
	经营收入	2016年经营收入,取对数	12.0982	1.5614	3.4012	16.0773		12.1391	1.6204	2.0794	15.8950	-0.0409	+
外部特征	产业环境	您家所在乡镇是否有农户从事设施农业:0=否;1=是	0.2683	0.4433	0	1		0.3038	0.4602	0	1	-0.0354*	+/-
	交通条件	距离最近县城距离/km	33.7589	28.4168	0	200		33.6835	24.5975	0	160	0.0754	-
	区域位置	1=东部;2=中部;3=西部	1.5054	0.6441	1	3	1.5696	0.6087	1	3	-0.0642**	-

变量	专业大户		家庭农场		两类农户
变量	均值	标准误	均值	标准误	均值	标准误
是否开展了设施农业	0.0935	0.2912	0.1379	0.3450	0.1112	0.3145
期初投入/元	509224.10	1162447.00	719280.60	1278761.00	611559.30	1221876.00
固定资产/元	327552.00	714471.40	643226.20	1848040.00	482382.70	1397319.00
经营规模/亩	15.6804	50.9842	25.5781	52.07387	20.5826	51.6432
设施规模占经营面积比重/%	25.39	37.94	26.94	38.02	26.18	37.90
年均投入/元	264236.10	1126090.00	573606.50	3572063.00	418119.80	2640351.00
年均销售额/元	369383.37	1017008.00	886668.89	1479589.00	696314.40	1518959.00
是否有扩大规模的打算	0.6182	0.4873	0.6235	0.4859	0.6209	0.4859

变量	东部地区		中部地区		西部地区
变量	均值	标准差	均值	标准差	均值	标准差
开展设施农业农户比重	0.1425	0.3498	0.0719	0.2585	0.1071	0.3104
设施农业经营规模/亩	21.2966	56.6610	21.1061	43.9585	14.3333	14.9555
设施农业规模占总规模比重	0.2667	0.3757	0.2395	0.4046	0.2589	0.3008
亩均销售额/元	13644.18	49584.93	9977.38	16635.19	16838.65	41013.31

An empirical analysis on the development status and influencing factors of facility agriculture of large-scale farmers

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