中国粮食作物灌溉用水效率时空特征及驱动因素——以稻谷、小麦、玉米为例

doi:10.18402/resci.2019.11.07

Abstract

Abstract:

Under the background of increasing imbalance between grain production and water resource distribution in China, it is imperative to improve irrigation water use efficiency to guarantee food security and water resource security.Using input-oriented data envelopment analysis (DEA) and panel Tobit model, this study explored the spatial and temporal characteristics and driving factors of irrigation water use efficiency of China’s rice, wheat, and corn in 2008-2017. The results show that irrigation water use efficiency of rice, wheat, and corn in China had a largeroom for improvement. Among these crops, the water use efficiency of rice and wheat showed an upward trend during the study period, while corn showed an inverted “U” trend. In terms of spatial distribution, the irrigation water use efficiency of the main production areas of corn was basically higher than the national average level, butthe efficiency value fluctuated greatly. Among the main production areas of rice and wheat, the irrigation water use efficiency values and growth rates ofdouble cropping rice areas in South China, winter wheat areasin North China, and winter wheat areasin the middle and lower Yangtze River Basin were relatively low. Further driving factor analysis showed that the change of resourcesand environment was more likely to affect the irrigation water use efficiency of corn; under the existing water-saving irrigation conditions, farmland water conservancy works had differentdriving effects on irrigation water use efficiency of the different types of graincrops; economic and social developmentisa great driving force for the irrigation water use efficiency of the three graincrops. Based on the above conclusion, this article put forward some targeted suggestions for formulating and implementing agriculturalwater management policies based on local conditions.

Key words: grain crop irrigation, water use efficiency, input-oriented DEA, panel Tobit model, driving factors, spatiotemporal characteristics, China

CHANG Ming, WANG Xiqin, JIA Baozhen. Driving factors and spatiotemporal differentiation of irrigation water use efficiency in China[J].Resources Science, 2019, 41(11): 2032-2042.

Figures/Tables 8

Table 1

Figure 1

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Table 2

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Table 3

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指标类型	指标名称
投入	土地投入量/亩
	用工数量/标准劳动日
	机械畜力费用/元
	种子用量/kg
	化肥用量/kg
	水资源投入量/亿m³
产出	粮食产值/元

稻谷			小麦			玉米
排名	区域	效率	排名	区域	效率	排名	区域	效率
1	西南混合稻区	0.939	1	东北春麦区	0.887	1	黄淮夏玉米区	0.888
2	东北单季稻区	0.912	2	黄淮冬麦区	0.855	2	西南山地玉米区	0.857
3	华中双季稻区	0.834	3	西北混合麦区	0.731	3	北方春玉米区	0.742
4	华北单季稻区	0.768	4	西南冬麦区	0.697	4	南部丘陵玉米区	0.600
5	华南双季稻区	0.582	5	北部冬麦区	0.601	5	西北内陆玉米区	0.466
6	西北单季稻区	0.379	6	长江中下游冬麦区	0.514

	变量名称	稻谷	小麦	玉米
资源环境	降水强度	-0.0919	-0.00156	-0.131*
	降水强度	(0.0788)	(0.0833)	(0.0804)
	水资源充裕程度	0.0712	0.0190	0.220***
	水资源充裕程度	(0.0701)	(0.0837)	(0.0810)
	灾害程度	-0.0887	-0.219*	-0.201*
	灾害程度	(0.0630)	(0.116)	(0.108)
农田水利设施	有效灌溉程度	-0.498**	0.398	-0.283
	有效灌溉程度	(0.194)	(0.315)	(0.248)
	取水设备数量	-0.0472	-0.0999	0.0884
	取水设备数量	(0.113)	(0.117)	(0.106)
	机械化程度	0.137	0.126	0.344**
	机械化程度	(0.107)	(0.132)	(0.142)
经济社会发展	城镇化	2.501***	0.892**	0.265
	城镇化	(0.258)	(0.382)	(0.328)
	用水强度	-0.560***	-0.265	-0.394***
	用水强度	(0.153)	(0.193)	(0.145)
	粮食育种技术	0.286***	0.308	0.619***
	粮食育种技术	(0.0963)	(0.192)	(0.144)
	LR检验	197.25***	70.17***	75.70***
	Wald值	183.86***	26.84***	75.66***

Driving factors and spatiotemporal differentiation of irrigation water use efficiency in China

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