农村生活垃圾分类处理模式与建议

doi:10.18402/resci.2019.02.12

Abstract

Abstract:

Classified treatment of rural domestic wastes is an important practice of the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, and an important part of improving the quality of human settlement environment and realizing people’s longing for a better life. Based on the survey of pilot areas of rural domestic wastes classified treatment and resource utilization in Shaanxi and from the perspective of supply main body, this paper compares the basic situation, the practice mode of classified treatment, and the main body of supply of the four pilot villages using the case analysis method and further comprehensively evaluates the degree of end classification of domestic wastes, resource utilization rate, annual unit cost resource utilization, reduction and harmless treatment effect of each pilot village. The analysis shows that capital investment is one of the keys to solving the problem of rural domestic wastes. For most ordinary rural areas, the treatment mode cannot be simply copied. Instead, an effective waste classified treatment mode will be selected according to local conditions with reference made to the practice mode of the pilot villages. Therefore, in order to fully realize the classified treatment of rural domestic wastes, it is necessary not only to encourage the government, the market, the third sector, rural communities and farmers to participate in cooperative supply so as to raise funds through multiple channels and in multiple ways, but also to strengthen publicity, reward and punishment, and improve the rural domestic waste treatment system combining the rule of law, the rule of virtue, and self-governance.

Key words: rural, domestic wastes, classified treatment, resource utilization, practice mode, development suggestions, main body of supply

Yajuan JIA, Minjuan ZHAO, Xianli XIA, Liuyang YAO. Mode of classified treatment of rural domestic wastes and suggestions[J].Resources Science, 2019, 41(2): 338-351.

Figures/Tables 10

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References 24

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试点村	距区（县）距离/km	村民小组/个	农户数/户	人口/人	2017年人均年收入/元	试点村访谈时间
西安市A区E村	8	8	567	1 894	21 710	2018年3月27日
安康市B县F村	13	9	396	1 380	8 100	2018年4月30日
渭南市C县G村	9	9	587	2 287	13 820	2018年4月26日
延安市D区H村	15	2	140	390	14 500	2018年4月28日

试点村	供给主体	不同环节的供给主体
试点村	供给主体	决策	基本设施	运营资金	运营服务	宣传奖惩	监管
E村	政府+市场	政府	政府	政府	市场	市场	政府
F村	政府+农村社区	政府农村社区	政府	农村社区政府	政府	政府农村社区	政府农村社区
G村	政府+农村社区+农户	政府农村社区农户	政府	农村社区农户	社区	政府农村社区	政府农村社区
H村	政府+市场+第三部门+农村社区	政府市场农村社区	政府	政府农村社区第三部门	市场	市场农村社区	政府农村社区

试点村	年产垃圾量/t	堆肥垃圾/t(%)	可回收垃圾/t(%)	有毒有害垃圾/t(%)	其他垃圾/t(%)	末端分类程度/类	资源化利用率/%
E村	219	131.40 (60)	21.90 (10)	4.38 (2)	61.32 (28)	4	90
F村	584	0.00 ( 0)	29.20 ( 5)	0.00 (0)	554.80 (95)	2	5
G村	365	109.50 (30)	36.50 (10)	0.00 (0)	219.00 (60)	3	40
H村	730	0.00 ( 0)	73.00 (10)	0.00 (0)	657.00 (90)	2	10

试点村	固定资产	单位数量	总价/万元	残值/万元	使用年限/年	年均分摊成本/万元	年固定成本/万元	年可变成本/万元	年总成本/万元	资源化利用量/t	年单位成本资源化量/(t/万元)
E村	土地流转	0.47 hm²	0.70	——	——	0.700	10.77	98.00	108.77	197.10	1.81
	机械堆肥机	1 台	65.00	0.00	20	3.250
	磁化处理垃圾设备	1 台	75.00	0.00	20	3.750
	四分类塑料垃圾桶	10 组	1.30	0.00	3	0.430
	四分类铁质垃圾桶	1 组	0.45	0.00	8	0.060
	两分类塑料垃圾桶	500 组	4.90	0.00	3	1.630
	四分类垃圾收集车	4 辆	3.12	0.16	10	0.300
	保洁巡逻车	9 辆	3.60	0.18	10	0.340
	垃圾投入点雨棚	4 顶	0.70	0.00	5	0.140
	阳光堆肥房	12 个	6.87	0.00	40	0.170
F村	土地流转	0.13 hm²	0.20	——	——	0.200	2.10	3.50	5.60	29.20	5.21
	阳光堆肥房	1 座	60.00	0.00	40	1.500
	垃圾桶	500 个	0.80	0.00	2	0.400
G村	土地流转	0.13 hm²	0.17	——	——	0.168	2.30	13.00	15.30	146.00	9.54
	阳光堆肥房	1 座	57.40	0.00	40	1.435
	分类塑料垃圾桶	600 个	1.20	0.00	2	0.600
	垃圾运输车	1 辆	0.80	0.24	10	0.056
	电动垃圾车	2 辆	0.60	0.18	10	0.042
H村	分类塑料垃圾桶	140 个	1.00	0.00	2	0.500	0.50	6.50	7.00	73.00	10.43

Mode of classified treatment of rural domestic wastes and suggestions

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