Resources Science ›› 2018, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 1073-1083.doi: 10.18402/resci.2018.05.19
Previous Articles Next Articles
Rongfa GONG1(), Weizhong ZENG1,2(
)
Received:
2017-09-05
Revised:
2018-01-01
Online:
2018-05-10
Published:
2018-05-10
Rongfa GONG, Weizhong ZENG. Factors restricting the participation of farmers in Forest Carbon Sequestration Projects[J].Resources Science, 2018, 40(5): 1073-1083.
Add to citation manager EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks
Table 1
Content and quantitative table of farmers' participation"
参与阶段 | 参与行为 | 指标量化 |
---|---|---|
B1:规划设计阶段 | B11:是否参加或知晓本底调查(问卷、座谈等) | 是=1;否=0 |
B12:是否就规划设计提出自己或村民代表的意见 | 是=1;否=0 | |
B2:组织建设阶段 | B21:是否公示(公告)项目规划或签订合同 | 是=1;否=0 |
B22:是否参与培训 | 是=1;否=0 | |
B23:是否取得宜林地入股或流转收益 | 是=1;否=0 | |
B24:是否取得劳务、管护、放牧和公益林生态补偿等收益 | 是=1;否=0 | |
B25:是否遵守合同 | 是=1;否=0 | |
B3:监测评估阶段 | B31:是否参与项目阶段性验收、监测和评估 | 是=1;否=0 |
B32:避免矛盾和纠纷的意见是否被采纳 | 是=1;否=0 |
Table 2
Feature analysis table on southwest and northwest of Sichuan Province"
项目 | 川西南-甘洛县项目 | 川西北-平武县项目 |
---|---|---|
资金来源 | 诺华57%;政府配套43% | 国家投入造林种苗,大渡河造林局自筹资金 |
林地来源 | 以农户宜林荒山、轮歇地为主,部分集体林地 | 以村民小组集体林地为主,部分农户自留林地 |
利益分配 | 木材收益100%归农户; 碳汇收益100%归诺华 | 木材收益100%归农户;碳汇收益30%归农户,25%归大渡河造林局,20%归平武县林业局, 25%用于经营管理支出 |
经营管理 | 大渡河造林局统一管理;企业雇佣当地部分农户抚育管护 | 大渡河造林局和平武县林业局管理;平武县林业局雇请当地农户或护林员进行后期抚育管护 |
造林主体 | 雷波造林公司,部分采用当地农户 | 当地造林施工队,并由保护区负责施工前技术培训,技术人员现场指导 |
Table 3
Evaluation criteria and descriptive analysis of explanatory variables of participation"
潜变量 | 可测变量及量化 | 川西北-平武项目 | 川西南-甘洛项目 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
均值 | 标准差 | 均值 | 标准差 | |||
B参与程度 | B11:是否参加或知晓有代表本底调查(问卷、座谈等)——是=1;否=0 | 0.922 | 0.072 | 0.949 | 0.049 | |
B12:是否就规划设计提出自己或村民代表的意见——是=1;否=0 | 0.341 | 0.225 | 0.327 | 0.220 | ||
B21:是否公示(公告)项目规划或签订合同——是=1;否=0 | 0.810 | 0.154 | 0.955 | 0.043 | ||
B22:是否参与培训——是=1;否=0 | 0.849 | 0.128 | 0.455 | 0.248 | ||
B23:是否取得宜林地入股或流转收益——是=1;否=0 | 0.675 | 0.249 | 0.481 | 0.250 | ||
B24:是否取得劳务、管护、放牧和公益林生态补偿等收益——是=1;否=0 | 0.754 | 0.185 | 0.310 | 0.082 | ||
B25:是否遵守合同——是=1;否=0 | 0.788 | 0.167 | 0.173 | 0.143 | ||
B31:是否参与项目阶段性验收、监测和评估——是=1;否=0 | 0.151 | 0.128 | 0.256 | 0.191 | ||
B32:避免矛盾和纠纷的意见是否被采纳——是=1;否=0 | 0.073 | 0.067 | 0.096 | 0.087 | ||
平均参与程度值 | 0.300 | 0.022 | 0.263 | 0.037 | ||
SF项目特征 | SF1:劳动力来源——造林、管护采用专业造林公司=0;造林、管护采用当地 农户=1 | 0.888 | 0.099 | 0.276 | 0.200 | |
SF2:林地权属——碳汇林产权属于集体=0;碳汇林产权属于农户=1 | 0.318 | 0.217 | 0.776 | 0.174 | ||
SF3:组织模式——农户单独签约=0;农户联合签约=1 | 0.875 | 0.103 | 0.421 | 0.135 | ||
SE社区特征 | SE1:畜牧业依赖度——非常依赖=1;部分依赖=2;不重要=3;不依赖=4;完全 不依赖=5 | 3.626 | 0.826 | 2.718 | 0.869 | |
SE2:政府支持程度——非常支持=5;支持=4;一般=3;不支持=2;非常不支持=1 | 3.341 | 0.716 | 3.365 | 1.450 | ||
SE3:村社和睦程度——非常和睦=5;和睦=4;一般=3;不和睦=2;非常不和睦=1 | 3.000 | 1.520 | 3.333 | 1.107 | ||
PF农户个体特征 | PF1:文化程度——高中及以上=5;初中至高中=4;小学至初中=3;小学以下=2; 没上学=1 | 3.143 | 0.500 | 2.365 | 0.693 | |
PF2:户主年龄——(0.8,1]=5;(0.6,0.8]=4;(0.4,0.6]=3;(0.2,0.4]=2;(0,0.2]=1 | 3.123 | 1.192 | 3.947 | 1.113 | ||
PF3:性别——女性=0,男性=1 | 0.897 | 0.093 | 0.689 | 0.214 | ||
PE家庭经营特征 | PE1:收入水平——(0.8,1]=5;(0.6,0.8]=4;(0.4,0.6]=3;(0.2,0.4]=2;(0,0.2]=1 | 3.034 | 0.513 | 2.032 | 1.454 | |
PE2:林地面积——(0.8,1]=5;(0.6,0.8]=4;(0.4,0.6]=3;(0.2,0.4]=2;(0,0.2]=1 | 3.654 | 0.852 | 2.660 | 1.288 | ||
PE3:劳动力比例——(0.8,1]=5;(0.6,0.8]=4;(0.4,0.6]=3;(0.2,0.4]=2;(0,0.2]=1 | 2.765 | 0.772 | 3.468 | 1.044 | ||
PS家庭社会资本特征 | PS1:关系网络——是否有亲戚是村社或乡镇或以上干部:有=1,没有=0 | 0.092 | 0.084 | 0.074 | 0.068 | |
PS2:政府信任程度——完全信任=5;部分信任=4;没感觉=3;不信任=2; 完全不信任=1 | 3.847 | 1.255 | 2.481 | 1.249 | ||
PS3:村民信任程度——完全信任=5;部分信任=4;没感觉=3;不信任=2; 完全不信任=1 | 1.788 | 1.167 | 3.941 | 0.817 | ||
BI参与意愿 | BI1:间接参与意愿——非常愿意=5;愿意=4;不一定=3;不愿意=2;非常不愿意=1 | 3.877 | 0.253 | 3.045 | 0.645 | |
BI2:林地投入——非常愿意=5;愿意=4;不一定=3;不愿意=2;非常不愿意=1 | 3.872 | 0.195 | 2.840 | 0.571 | ||
BI3:劳动力投入——非常愿意=5;愿意=4;不一定=3;不愿意=2;非常不愿意=1 | 3.849 | 0.318 | 2.872 | 0.432 |
Table 4
KMO and Bartlett tests"
一级指标 | 二级指标 | 标准因子载荷 | 有效因子数 | 克伦巴赫系数 | Bartlett |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SF项目特征 | SF1:劳动力来源 | 0.607 | 1 | 0.572 | 242.483*** |
SF2:林地权属 | 0.741 | ||||
SF3:组织模式 | 0.719 | ||||
SE社区特征 | SE1:畜牧业依赖度 | 0.693 | 1 | 0.567 | 49.307*** |
SE2:政府支持程度 | 0.743 | ||||
SE3:村社和睦程度 | 0.772 | ||||
PF农户个体特征 | PF1:文化程度 | 0.768 | 1 | 0.591 | 113.489*** |
PF2:户主年龄 | 0.559 | ||||
PF3:性别 | 0.534 | ||||
PE家庭经营特征 | PE1:收入水平 | 0.572 | 1 | 0.491 | 63.480*** |
PE2:林地面积 | 0.603 | ||||
PE3:劳动力比例 | 0.579 | ||||
PS家庭社会资本特征 | PS1:关系网络 | 0.733 | 1 | 0.542 | 57.361*** |
PS2:政府信任程度 | 0.699 | ||||
PS3:村民信任程度 | 0.807 | ||||
BI参与意愿 | BI1:间接参与意愿 | 0.839 | 1 | 0.726 | 749.050*** |
BI2:林地投入 | 0.908 | ||||
BI3:劳动力投入 | 0.898 | ||||
B参与程度 | B11:是否参加或知晓有代表本底调查(问卷、座谈等) | 0.684 | 1 | 0.572 | 285.764*** |
B12:是否就规划设计提出自己或村民代表的意见 | 0.684 | ||||
B21:是否公示(公告)项目规划或签订合同 | 0.717 | ||||
B22:是否参与培训 | 0.721 | ||||
B23:是否取得宜林地入股或流转收益 | 0.754 | ||||
B24:是否取得劳务、管护、放牧和公益林生态补偿等收益 | 0.677 | ||||
B25:是否遵守合同 | 0.703 | ||||
B31:是否参与或知晓项目阶段性验收、监测和评估 | 0.725 | ||||
B32:避免矛盾和纠纷的意见是否被采纳 | 0.693 |
Table 5
SEM analysis results"
路径 | 模型1总模型 | 模型2甘洛县 | 模型3平武县 | 路径 | 模型1总模型 | 模型2甘洛县 | 模型3平武县 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B←SF | 0.855** | 0.915** | 0.890** | SE1←SE | 0.892 | 0.903 | 0.317 |
B←SE | 0.783* | 0.866* | 0.701** | SE2←SE | 0.884 | 0.780 | 0.988 |
B←PF | 0.318* | 0.357** | 0.291* | SE3←SE | 0.687 | 0.538 | 0.718 |
B←PE | 0.297* | 0.333** | 0.274** | PF1←PF | 0.875 | 0.801 | 0.863 |
B←PS | 0.757** | 0.743*** | 0.777** | PF2←PF | 0.886 | 0.839 | 0.894 |
B←BI | 0.357 | 0.277** | 0.197** | PF3←PF | 0.671 | 0.699 | 0.605 |
BI←SF | 0.494* | 0.451** | 0.502* | PE1←PE | 0.915 | 0.844 | 0.972 |
BI←SE | 0.538* | 0.687** | 0.494* | PE2←PE | 0.848 | 0.819 | 0.875 |
BI←PF | 0.535** | 0.570** | 0.505** | PE3←PE | 0.895 | 0.921 | 0.814 |
BI←PE | 0.511** | 0.483** | 0.512** | PS1←PS | 0.933 | 0.852 | 0.960 |
BI←PS | 0.507** | 0.537* | 0.495* | PS2←PS | 0.947 | 0.863 | 0.991 |
SF1←SF | 0.719 | 0.972 | 0.668 | PS3←PS | 0.959 | 0.936 | 0.978 |
SF2←SF | 0.734 | 0.683 | 0.899 | BI1←BI | 0.894 | 0.891 | 0.910 |
SF3←SF | 0.607 | 0.577 | 0.615 | BI2←BI | 0.816 | 0.855 | 0.738 |
BI3←BI | 0.870 | 0.894 | 0.841 |
[1] | 黄宰胜, 陈钦. 基于碳汇视角的碳汇林业发展对策分析[J]. 林业经济, 2015, (11): 86-89. |
[ Huang Z S, Chen Q.The proposal analysis of carbon sequestration forestry based on carbon sequestration perspective[J]. Forestry Economics, 2015, (11): 86-89. ] | |
[2] | 龚亚珍, 李怒云. 中国林业碳汇项目的需求分析与设计思路[J]. 林业经济, 2006, (6): 36-38. |
[ Gong Y Z, Li N Y.Demand analysis and path design of China forest carbon sequestration[J]. Forestry Economics, 2006, (6): 36-38. ] | |
[3] | 刘永富. 打好扶贫攻坚战全面建成小康社会[N]. 光明日报, 2014-10-17(10). |
[Liu Y F. Build a Well-Off Society and Build a Well-Off Society in an All-Round Way[N]. Guangming Daily, 2014-10-17(10). ] | |
[4] | 曾维忠, 刘胜, 杨帆, 等. 扶贫视域下的森林碳汇研究综述[J]. 农业经济问题, 2017, (2): 102-109. |
[ Zeng W Z, Liu S, Yang F, et al. A research review on poverty alleviation based on forest carbon sink projects[J]. Issues in Agricultural Economy, 2017, (2): 102-109. ] | |
[5] | 曾维忠, 张建羽, 杨帆. 森林碳汇扶贫: 理论探讨与现实思考[J]. 农村经济, 2016, (5): 17-22. |
[ Zeng W Z, Zhang J Y, Yang F.Forest carbon sequestration poverty alleviation: theoretical discussion and practical thinking[J]. Rural Economy, 2016, (5): 17-22. ] | |
[6] | Perez C, Roncoli C, Neely C, et al. Can carbon sequestration markets benefit low-income producers in semi-arid Africa? Potentials and challenges[J]. Agricultural Systems, 2007, 94(1): 2-12. |
[7] | Cacho O J, Marshall G R, Milne M.Transaction and abatement costs of carbon-sink projects in developing countries[J]. Environment and Development Economics, 2005, 10(5): 597-614. |
[8] | 明辉, 漆雁斌, 李阳明, 等. 林农有参与林业碳汇项目的意愿吗-以CDM林业碳汇试点项目为例[J]. 农业技术经济, 2015, (7): 102-113. |
[Min H, Qi Y B, Li Y M, et al. Does the forest farmers have the desire to participate in the forestry carbon sequestration project-taking CDM forestry carbon sequestration pilot project as an example[J]. Journal of Agrotechnical Economics, 2015, (7): 102-113. ] | |
[9] | 杨帆, 曾维忠, 张维康, 等. 林农森林碳汇项目持续参与意愿及其影响因素[J]. 林业科学, 2016, 52(7): 138-147. |
[ Yang F, Zeng W Z, Zhang W K, et al. Foresters’ constant participation willingness and affecting factors in forest carbon sequestration project[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2016, 52(7): 138-147. ] | |
[10] | 王昭琪. 农户参与林业碳汇意愿及影响因素动态分析-以云南省凤庆县、镇康县为例[J]. 中国林业经济, 2014, (5): 75-78. |
[Wang Z Q.Dynamic analysis on the farmers’ willingness to participate in forestry carbon sequestration and influencing factors-taking Fengqing and Zhenkang in Yunnan as an example[J]. China Forestry Economics, 2014, (5): 75-78. ] | |
[11] | 宁可, 沈月琴, 朱臻. 农户对森林碳汇认知及碳汇林经营意愿分析-基于浙江、江西、福建3省农户调查[J]. 北京林业大学学报(社会科学版), 2014, 13(2): 63-69. |
[ Ning K, Shen Y Q, Zhu Z.Analysis of rural households' cognition and management willingness of forest carbon sequestration: surveys of rural households in Zhejiang, Jiangxi and Fujian Provinces[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University(Social Sciencs), 2014, 13(2): 63-69. ] | |
[12] | Benessaiah K.Carbon and livelihoods in Post-Kyoto: assessing voluntary carbon markets[J]. Ecological Economics, 2012, 77(3): 1-6. |
[13] | Antle J M, Stoorvogel J J.Payments for ecosystem services, poverty and sustainability: the case of agricultural soil carbon sequestration[J]. Springer New York, 2009, 31: 133-161. |
[14] | Benitez P, McCallum I, Obersteiner M, et al. Global Supply for Carbon Sequestration: Identifying Least-Cost Afforestation Site Sunder Country Risk Considerations[R].Laxenbur: II A-SA, IR-04-022, 2004. |
[15] | Nhung N T H. Optimal Forest Management for Carbon Sequestration: A Case Study of Eucalyptus Urophylla and Acacia Mangium in Yen Bai Province, Vietnam[R]. Singapore: EEPSEA Final Report, 2009. |
[16] | 朱臻, 沈月琴, 吴伟光, 等. 碳汇目标下农户森林经营最优决策及碳汇供给能力-基于浙江和江西两省调查[J]. 生态学报, 2013, 33(8): 2577-2585. |
[ Zhu Z, Shen Y Q, Wu W G, et al. Household optimal forest management decision and carbon supply: Case from Zhejiang and Jiangxi Provinces[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2013, 33(8): 2577-2585. ] | |
[17] | 陈冲影. 森林碳汇与农户生计-以全球第一个森林碳汇项目为例[J]. 世界林业研究, 2010, 23(5): 15-19. |
[Chen C Y.Forestry carbon sequestration and local households' livelihoods: taking the first CDM forestry carbon project in the world as example[J]. World Forestry Research, 2010, 23(5): 15-19. ] | |
[18] | 丁一, 马盼盼. 森林碳汇与川西少数民族地区经济发展研究-以四川省凉山彝族自治州平武县为例[J]. 农村经济, 2013, (5): 38-41. |
[Ding Y, Ma P P.The forest carbon sink and Sichuan economic development of minority areas in Yuexi County, Sichuan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Liangshan Province as an example[J]. Rural Economy, 2013, (5): 38-41. ] | |
[19] | 黄颖利, 聂佳. 林农参与森林碳汇行为意向理论分析框架-基于TPB模型的视角[J]. 经济师, 2013, (11): 24-25. |
[ Huang Y L, Nie J.The theoretical analysis framework of forest farmers' participation in forest carbon sequestration-based on the perspective of TPB model[J]. China Economist, 2013, (11): 24-25. ] | |
[20] | 乐章, 涂丽. 农村基层自治组织功能与农民政治参与程度-基于十省农户调查数据实证分析[J]. 经济与管理, 2015, 29(2): 23-28. |
[Le Z, Tu L.Rural grassroots autonomous organizations' function and farmers' political participation-an empirical analysis based on the farmers' survey data of 10 provinces[J]. Economy and Management, 2015, 29(2): 23-28. ] | |
[21] | 黄祖辉, 刘西川, 程恩江. 贫困地区农户正规信贷市场低参与程度的经验解释[J]. 经济研究, 2009, (4): 116-128. |
[Huang Z H, Liu X C, Cheng E J.Explanations for the low participation rate in the formal credit market by rural households in the poor areas[J]. Economic Research Journal, 2009, (4): 116-128. ] | |
[22] | 郭瑜. 需求与现实: 农民工养老保险参与程度的影响因素分析-基于7城市数据的考察[J]. 农业技术经济, 2010, (11): 37-45. |
[ Guo Y.Requirements and reality: endowment insurance participation and impact factors for rural migrant workers-inspection based on data from 7 cities[J]. Journal of Agrotechnical Economics, 2010, (11): 37-45. ] | |
[23] | 汪文雄, 王文玲, 朱欣, 等. 农地整理项目实施阶段农户参与程度的影响因素研究[J]. 中国土地科学, 2013, (7): 62-68. |
[ Wang W X, Wang W L, Zhu X, et al. Impact factors on the willingness of farmers participating in farmland consolidation planning[J]. China Land Sciences, 2013, (7): 62-68. ] | |
[24] | 何钊, 王秀兰, 文高辉, 等. 城乡建设用地增减挂钩项目农户参与程度及其影响因素研究[J]. 水土保持研究, 2016, 23(4): 233-238. |
[He Z, Wang X L, Wen G H, et al. Factors influencing rural households` participation degree in linkage between urban-land and rural-land giving area[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conversation, 2016, 23(4): 233-238. ] |
[1] | REN Li, WU Meng, GAN Chenlin, CHEN Yinrong. Decision-making mechanism simulation of farmers’ land investment behavior in suburbs based on structural equation modeling-system dynamics [J]. Resources Science, 2020, 42(2): 286-297. |
[2] | Jian CHENG, Jiumiao CHENG, Luocheng FEI, Yuting XU, Yihu ZHOU. Modeling of farmer household psychological decision-making in farmland transfer [J]. Resources Science, 2017, 39(5): 818-826. |
[3] | Dan QIAO, Qian LU, Tao XU. Social network,extension service and farmers water-saving irrigation technology adoption in Minqin County [J]. Resources Science, 2017, 39(3): 441-450. |
[4] | DING Liping,SHUAI Chuanmin,LI Wenjing,YAN Qiong,GUO Qing. Empirical study on the public's cognition and willingness to adopt solar photovoltaic power generation based on a SEM Model [J]. Resources Science, 2015, 37(7): 1414-1423. |
|