财政分权、环境保护支出与雾霾污染

doi:10.18402/resci.2018.04.18

Abstract

Abstract:

Chinese style fiscal decentralization has resulted in stunning economic growth, but haze pollution has aroused concerns from stakeholders. Research on the mechanism of China's decentralization and environmental protection expenditure on haze pollution is needed to provide decision-making references for urban haze management in China. Here, we empirically researched relationships among fiscal decentralization, environmental protection expenditure and haze pollution using static and dynamic modeling of panel data from 73 monitored environment cities in China from 2008-2015. We found that fiscal expenditure decentralization or revenue decentralization or financial freedom have a remarkable positive correlation with haze pollution, and a significant negative correlation between environmental protection expenditure and haze pollution. The interaction between fiscal decentralization and environmental protection expenditure is negatively related to haze pollution and the interaction coefficient is far less than the fiscal decentralization coefficient. The degree of economic development and haze pollution is not a ‘reverse U’ relationship, and there is a significant positive correlation between foreign direct investment and haze pollution. For early realization of China's new normal of urban haze governance, we need to improve the environmental assessment system for local governments; establish a system of lifelong accountability for officials; standardize competition among local governments; reform the soft constraint of environmental budget; promote reform of fiscal decentralization; and accelerate the upgrade of industrial structure.

Key words: fiscal decentralization, environmental protection expenditure, local government behavior, haze pollution, PM2.5 concentration, China

Xun WU, Jie WANG. Fiscal decentralization, environmental protection expenditure and haze pollution[J].Resources Science, 2018, 40(4): 851-861.

Figures/Tables 6

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References 24

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变量类型	变量名	变量	含义
解释变量	财政分权	Fd	地方人均预算内财政支出/全国人均预算内财政支出
解释变量	环境保护支出	Env	地方政府财政环境保护支出
控制变量	人口规模	Pop	地区常住人口数
	外商直接投资	Fdi	外商直接投资/GDP
	经济发展程度	Gdp	地方人均GDP
	工业化程度	Ind	城市第二产业产值/GDP
	经济发展程度	Gdp²	地方人均GDP的二次项

变量	均值	标准差	最小值	最大值	观测数	变异系数
lnPm	4.06	0.40	2.94	4.70	584.00	0.10
lnFd	-0.75	0.20	-1.26	-0.24	584.00	-0.26
lnEnv	5.02	1.01	2.19	8.43	584.00	0.20
lnGdp	4.50	0.45	3.30	5.47	584.00	0.10
lnInd	-0.75	0.18	-1.65	-0.42	584.00	-0.25
lnPop	6.35	0.61	4.66	8.12	584.00	0.10
lnFdi	-3.83	0.93	-8.10	-0.19	584.00	-0.24
lnGdp²	20.48	4.00	10.90	29.97	584.00	0.20

变量	lnFd	lnGdp	lnEnv	lnPop	lnFdi	lnInd	Mean
Vif	2.55	2.34	2.10	1.92	1.27	1.10	1.88
1/Vif	0.39	0.43	0.48	0.52	0.79	0.91	-

变量	静态面板模型一			动态面板模型二
变量	1		2	3	4
L.lnPm	-	-		-1.21** （-2.09）	-0.76* （-1.71）
lnFd	0.03 （0.36）	0.38** （2.11）		9.90*** （3.47）	25.08* （1.86）
lnEnv	-	-0.06* （-1.86）		-	-3.08* （-1.75）
lnFv	-	-0.07* （-1.90）		-	-5.05* （-1.95）
lnGdp	-0.39** （-2.05）	-0.40** （-2.05）		-18.69* （-1.73）	-9.00 （-1.45）
lnInd	-0.02 （-0.21）	-0.05 （-0.56）		3.60** （2.49）	-0.60 （-0.30）
lnPop	0.09* （1.68）	0.12** （2.21）		0.88* （1.72）	0.46 （1.83）
lnFdi	0.02* （1.69）	0.02* （1.70）		-0.35* （-1.95）	0.19* （1.38）
lnGdp²	0.05** （2.2）	0.05** （2.22）		2.11* （1.72）	1.01 （0.80）
C	25.80*** （4.94）	26.63*** （4.48）		56.79** （2.08）	213.66 （0.69）
模型选择	随机效应	随机效应		系统GMM	系统GMM
R²	0.14	0.14		-	-
Wald P值	0.00	0.00		-	-
AR(1)P值	-	-		0.25	0.07
AR(2)P值	-	-		0.41	0.74
Hansen p值	-	-		0.82	0.82

变量	系数估计值	Z值	系数估计值	Z值
lnFdsz	-	-	0.40***	2.70
lnFds	0.21**	2.12	-	-
lnEnv	-0.05**	-2.14	-0.03*	-1.93
lnFv	-0.04**	-2.28	-0.07***	-2.65
lnGdp	-0.39*	-1.90	-0.47**	-2.53
lnInd	-0.06	-0.63	-0.07	-0.69
lnPop	0.10*	1.72	0.08	1.47
lnFdi	0.02	1.44	0.02	1.22
lnGdp²	0.05**	2.06	0.06***	2.62
C	29.97***	4.76	28.49***	4.65
模型选择	随机效应		随机效应
Wald值	61.63***		54.09***
N	576		576

Fiscal decentralization, environmental protection expenditure and haze pollution

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变量	重污染城市			轻污染城市
变量	系数估计值		T值	系数估计值	T值
lnFd	0.38***	3.65		0.59***	2.71
lnEnv	-0.03*	-2.09		-0.04**	-2.28
lnFv	-0.07**	-2.83		-0.10**	-2.22
lnGdp	-0.00	0.00		-0.65***	-3.14
lnInd	-0.45***	-3.03		-0.12	-0.79
lnPop	-0.06	-0.63		-0.60***	-3.31
lnFdi	0.04**	2.15		-0.01	-0.44
lnGdp²	-0.01	-0.13		0.07***	3.16
C	14.14	1.49		22.22***	3.31
模型选择	固定效应			固定效应
F值	7.16***			11.01***
N	20			53

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