水旱轮作模式和灌溉方式对西南地区水稻灌溉用水效率的影响

doi:10.18402/resci.2017.06.12

Abstract

Abstract:

Water is the main bottleneck to agricultural production safety and stable income in China and improving irrigation efficiency is a fundamental requirement of water-saving society construction. Measuring the efficiency of the FDD rotation mode and irrigation informs the reasonable arrangement of planting structure,choice of water savings and improvements in irrigation policy. Here,based on survey data of rice planting in southwest China and employing a DEA-Tobit model we measured and analyzed farmers’ irrigation efficiency,explored the FDD rotation mode and irrigation method,and solved endogenous problems. The results show that the whole average irrigation efficiency of rice is 0.14,the average scale efficiency is 0.55,the average technical efficiency is 0.27,and the water resource utilization improvement space is larger. The rotation crop economic benefits pattern is negatively correlated with rice irrigation efficiency and the water-saving effect of crop rotation is positively related to these. The degree of water resource endowment can overvalue the influence coefficient of FDD rotation on rice irrigation efficiency by 0.10%,and undervalue the influence coefficient of irrigation method on rice irrigation efficiency by 2.04%. We put forward several suggestions for adjusting and arranging “FDD Rotation Mode and Irrigation Methods” according to local conditions,emphasize large-scale planting and regional irrigation of plains, intensive and fine irrigation of mountain,and arranging irrigation water according to crop growth cycles.

Key words: FDD rotation, irrigation methods, technical efficiency, endogenous problems, DEA-Tobit Model, Southwestern China

Weiyong YU, Yanbin QI, Feng WEI, Xin DENG. The impact of FDD rotation mode and irrigation methods on rice irrigation water efficiency in Southwestern China[J].Resources Science, 2017, 39(6): 1127-1136.

Figures/Tables 7

Table 1

Input index and output index of irrigation water efficiency"

分类	具体指标	代码	说明
投入指标	种植面积/hm²	$x area$	家庭经营水稻耕种面积,反映潜在产出量和需水量
	总投工/日	$x labour$	水稻生长过程中整地、育秧、移栽、施肥等环节总投工时,影响产出量和边际用水量
	化肥施用量/kg	$x fertilizer$	水稻生长环节所施用的化肥总量,提高水稻产量,还可减弱其需水程度
	灌溉用水费用/元	$x cost$	水稻生长环节灌溉用水总花费,农户会参考灌溉成本而调整灌溉行为和投入
产出指标	水稻产量/kg	$y production$	单季水稻产量,反映各项投入的产出能力

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 6

Table 7

References 36

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省份	地区	问卷/份	比例/%
四川省	成都	210	26.35
	德阳	73	9.16
	绵阳	71	8.91
	资阳	68	8.53
	遂宁	74	9.29
	南充	41	5.14
	广元	35	4.39
	巴中	39	4.89
贵州省	黔西南州	38	4.77
	安顺	35	4.39
云南省	玉溪	15	1.88
	曲靖	14	1.76
	红河州	8	1.00
	个旧	18	2.26
	楚雄	10	1.26
重庆市	巴南	28	3.51
	涪陵	20	2.51
总计		797	100.00

效率值	总效率			纯技术效率			规模效率
效率值	样本数	比重	累计比重	样本数	比重	累计比重	样本数	比重	累计比重
0~0.200 0	718	90.09	90.09	370	46.42	46.42	51	6.40	6.40
0.200 0~0.400 0	49	6.15	96.24	304	38.14	84.56	208	26.10	32.50
0.400 0~0.600 0	8	1.00	97.24	46	5.77	90.33	259	32.50	65.00
0.600 0~0.800 0	5	0.63	97.87	35	4.39	94.72	130	16.31	81.31
0.800 0~0.900 0	4	0.50	98.37	14	1.76	96.48	110	13.80	95.11
1.000 0	13	1.63	100.00	28	3.51	100.00	39	4.89	100.00
mean	0.137 8			0.2745			0.549 8

效率值	水稻-蔬菜	水稻-药材	水稻-小麦	水稻-油菜
0~0.200 0	193	61	119	188
0.200 0~0.400 0	48	26	26	51
0.400 0~0.600 0	13	5	7	29
0.600 0~0.800 0	2	1	3	8
0.800 0~0.900 0	4	0	1	2
1.000 0	3	1	3	3
total	263	94	159	281
mean	0.194 2	0.194 7	0.191 1	0.194 4

效率值	引水灌溉	提水灌溉	井水灌溉	蓄水灌溉
0~0.200 0	366	178	8	9
0.200 0~0.400 0	97	48	1	5
0.400 0~0.600 0	37	16	0	1
0.600 0~0.800 0	6	7	1	0
0.800 0~0.900 0	5	2	0	0
1.000 0	4	6	0	0
total	515	257	10	15
mean	0.194 3	0.193 2	0.180 8	0.195 7

变量类型	变量符号	变量名称	定义/单位	均值	标准差
被解释变量	CRS	总效率	1	0.14	0.19
检验变量	FDD_rotation	水旱轮作模式	1=水稻-小麦;2=水稻-蔬菜;3=水稻-油菜;4=水稻-药材	2.61	0.93
检验变量	irrigation_model	灌溉方式	1=井水灌溉;2=提水灌溉;3=引水灌溉;4=蓄水灌溉	2.67	0.53
控制变量	species_selection	品种类型	1=常规稻;2=杂交稻	1.95	0.24
	commer_rate	商品化率	稻谷销售量/收获量/%	27.19	53.50
	cultivated_way	耕地方式	1=旋耕;2=翻耕;3=少免耕	1.49	0.66
	age	户主年龄	岁	56.01	10.30
	education	受教育程度	1=小学以下;2=小学;3=初中;4=高中/中专;5=大学/大专;6=大学以上	2.22	0.80
	village_cadres	是否为村干部	1=是;2=否	1.94	0.24
	regional_feature	地域特征	1=平原区;2=丘陵山地区	1.38	0.49
	income	家庭收入	元/年	38 151.73	35 644.31
工具变量	per_cost	单位灌溉成本	元/hm²	165 773.54	428 615.32

The impact of FDD rotation mode and irrigation methods on rice irrigation water efficiency in Southwestern China

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指标	模型Ⅰ	模型Ⅱ	模型Ⅲ	模型Ⅳ	模型Ⅴ
指标	OLS估计	断尾回归估计	Tobit估计	Tobit估计	IV Tobit估计
FDD_rotation	-0.011 8***（-2.74）	-0.054 0* （-1.75）	-0.012 0***（-2.75）	-0.012 5***（-2.84）	-0.013 5***（-2.93）
irrigation_ model	0.029 8*** （2.99）	-0.236 9* （-1.81）	0.030 0*** （3.59）	0.031 0*** （3.64）	0.051 4*** （2.81）
species_selection	-0.002 8 （-0.12）	-0.351 8* （-1.73）	-0.002 4 （-0.11）	0.001 3 （0.06）	-0.003 3 （-0.14）
commer_rate	-0.010 1 （-1.02）	-0.212 0 （-1.31）	-0.010 2 （-1.51）	-0.007 7 （-1.16）	-0.009 7 （-0.92）
age	-0.000 3 （-0.55）	-0.019 3***（-2.94）	-0.000 3 （-0.67）	-0.000 5 （-1.01）	-0.000 6 （-0.99）
education	-0.004 9 （-0.67）	-0.108 1* （-1.94）	-0.005 0 （0.66）	-0.004 4 （-0.58）	-0.008 1 （-1.00）
village_cadres	0.144 5 （0.66）	-0.484 3** （-2.39）	0.014 2 （0.70）	0.018 0 （0.88）	0.017 7 （0.77）
cultivated_way	-0.009 4 （-1.44）	-0.146 8* （-1.92）	-0.009 7 （-1.33）	-0.011 3 （-1.54）	-0.000 8 （-0.07）
per_cost	0.000 0 （1.45）	-0.000 1* （-1.66）	0.000 0 （0.94）	0.000 0 （1.10）	0.000 2* （1.61）
regional_feature	-0.023 1** （-2.09）	-0.237 4** （-2.37）	-0.023 5** （-2.25）
labor	-0.006 4 （-1.44）	-0.004 2 （-0.13）	-0.006 5* （-1.74）
ln（income）	0.012 7* （1.89）	0.066 7 （0.96）	0.012 9** （2.07）
Subsidies	0.000 0 （0.98）	0.000 6** （2.25）	0.000 0 （0.94）
C	0.053 2 （0.48）	4.025 8*** （2.94）	0.053 8 （0.59）	0.132 1** （2.31）	0.089 5 （1.02）
R²	0.045 4	0.079 5	0.068 4	0.112 8	0.120 2

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