生态补偿、心理因素与居民生态保护意愿和行为研究——以秦巴生态功能区为例

doi:10.18402/resci.2017.05.08

Abstract

Abstract:

This paper studied the effect of psychological factor and ecological compensation policy on local residents' ecological protection willingness and behavior using 614 questionnaires from two national key ecological function areas in Zhashui and Zhen'an. We put forward six hypotheses about the effects of ecological compensation policies and local residents' psychological factors,i.e behavior attitude,subjective norm and perceived behavioral control on the residents' willingness and behavior. We then tested the six hypotheses using the Structural Equation Model and found that three local resident psychological factors had a positive and significant effect on ecological protection willingness. The direct influence coefficients were 0.367,0.184,and 0.305 respectively,and had a indirect influence on ecological protection behavior through the ecological protection willingness,the coefficient is 0.159,0.079 and 0.132 respectively. The direct influence coefficient of the ecological compensation policy on the ecological protection willingness and behavior were 0.182 and 0.142 respectively,and indirectly influenced ecological protection behavior through ecological protection willingness,the indirect influence coefficient was 0.079. The direct influence coefficient of ecological protection willingness on ecological protection behavior was 0.432. At the same time,the results show that the impact coefficient of ecological compensation policy on ecological protection willingness and behavior is relatively small,the incentive effect of ecological compensation policy has not been fully utilized,and there is still room for further exploration. We suggest affecting local residents' psychological factors and exerting the direct and indirect effects of ecological compensation policy to enhance ecological compensation willingness and behavior.

Key words: ecological compensation, ecological protection, Qinba ecological function areas, Structural Equation Model

Wenbin ZHANG, Guoping LI. Ecological compensation,psychological factors,willingness and behavior of ecological protection in the Qinba ecological function area[J].Resources Science, 2017, 39(5): 881-892.

Figures/Tables 8

Figure 1

Table 1

Table 2

Variable definition and statistical description"

类别	变量	变量说明	最小值	最大值	均值	标准差
行为态度 $x 1$	$x 11$	生态保护是国家政策,必须执行	2	5	4.020	0.532
	$x 12$	生态保护能够实现青山绿水,带来愉快心情	2	5	4.320	0.567
	$x 13$	生态保护同时还能够带来稳定的收入	1	5	3.028	0.709
	$x 14$	生态保护活动对我的家庭生产、生活很重要	2	5	3.886	0.556
主观规范 $x 2$	$x 21$	政府认为应该进行生态保护活动	2	5	3.894	0.552
	$x 22$	家人认为应该进行生态保护活动	3	5	3.899	0.532
	$x 23$	邻居认为应该进行生态保护活动	1	5	3.837	0.584
	$x 24$	亲戚朋友认为应该进行生态保护活动	1	5	3.762	0.589
感知行为控制 $x 3$	$x 31$	水源区生态保护有补偿政策,可以得到补贴	1	5	2.414	1.092
	$x 32$	有生态保护（植树造林）的能力	1	5	2.642	1.108
	$x 33$	能够承担水源区生态保护过程中的风险	1	5	2.709	1.047
生态补偿政策 $x 4$	$x 41$	生态保护补偿政策的相关信息透明	1	5	2.862	1.154
	$x 42$	政府采用生产成本方法来发放补助	2	5	3.500	1.057
	$x 43$	政府检查水源区生态保护状况（退耕、植树）	1	5	3.267	1.028
	$x 44$	政府给予生态保护（如:植树）技术指导	1	5	3.015	1.029
生态保护意愿 $x 5$	$x 51$	愿意参与生态保护	2	5	3.953	0.605
	$x 52$	没有生态保护补助也愿意参与生态保护	2	5	3.723	0.698
	$x 53$	生态保护活动符合我的意愿	2	5	3.821	0.568
	$x 54$	愿意建议周围的人进行生态保护活动	1	5	3.655	0.569
生态保护行为 $y$	$y 1$	您是否维护生态保护后种植的树木	2	5	3.689	0.583
	$y 2$	是否将垃圾扔到指定的垃圾桶（站）中	2	5	3.836	0.652
	$y 3$	是否会阻止他人破坏生态保护或乱扔垃圾	2	5	3.704	0.641
	$y 4$	是否学习生态保护（植树造林）方面的技术	3	5	3.637	0.684

Table 2

Figure 2

Table 3

Fitting results of measurement equation"

可观测变量	载荷系数	潜变量	标准化载荷系数	C.R./t值
$x 11$	$β 1 ←$	行为态度	0.624***
$x 12$	$β 2 ←$	行为态度	0.755**	2.417
$x 13$	$β 3 ←$	行为态度	0.523***	7.596
$x 14$	$β 4 ←$	行为态度	0.341**	3.722
$x 21$	$β 5 ←$	主观规范	0.605***
$x 22$	$β 6 ←$	主观规范	0.406***	8.662
$x 23$	$β 7 ←$	主观规范	0.274***	6.462
$x 24$	$β 8 ←$	主观规范	0.322**	2.674
$x 31$	$β 9 ←$	感知行为控制	0.639***
$x 32$	$β 10 ←$	感知行为控制	0.791***	8.660
$x 33$	$β 11 ←$	感知行为控制	0.534***	6.731
$x 41$	$β 12 ←$	生态补偿政策	0.363***
$x 42$	$β 13 ←$	生态补偿政策	0.743***	8.641
$x 43$	$β 14 ←$	生态补偿政策	0.558**	2. 367
$x 44$	$β 15 ←$	生态补偿政策	0.263***	8.427
$x 51$	$β 16 ←$	生态保护意愿	0.734***
$x 52$	$β 17 ←$	生态保护意愿	0.531***	6.321
$x 53$	$β 18 ←$	生态保护意愿	0.377***	7.769
$x 54$	$β 19 ←$	生态保护意愿	0.632*	2.301
$y 1$	$β 20 ←$	生态保护行为	0.855***
$y 2$	$β 21 ←$	生态保护行为	0.342***	5.258
$y 3$	$β 22 ←$	生态保护行为	0.537***	7.042
$y 4$	$β 23 ←$	生态保护行为	0.458***	7.103

Table 3

Table 4

Fitting results of structural equation model"

潜变量	路径系数	潜变量	标准化路径系数	C.R./t值	假设检验
$x 5$	$α 1 ←$	行为态度	0.367***	3.653	支持
$x 5$	$α 2 ←$	主观规范	0.184***	4.311	支持
$x 5$	$α 3 ←$	感知行为控制	0.305**	2.469	支持
$x 5$	$α 4 ←$	生态补偿政策	0.182*	2.103	支持
$y$	$α 5 ←$	生态补偿政策	0.142*	2.354	支持
$y$	$α 6 ←$	生态保护意愿	0.432***	7.557	支持

Table 4

Figure 3

Table 5

References 17

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统计指标	分类指标	人数	比例（占有效样本）/%	统计指标	分类指标	人数	比例（占有效样本）/%
性别	男	322	52.44	家庭人口数/人	1	4	0.65
	女	292	47.56		5	159	25.90
年龄/岁	18~24	65	10.59		2	31	5.05
	25~34	135	21.99		3	69	11.24
	35~44	145	23.62		4	192	31.27
	45~54	144	23.45		6	98	15.96
	55~64	90	14.66		7以上	61	9.93
	65以上	35	5.70	家庭年平均收入/元	<6000	18	2.92
文化程度	未上学	42	6.84		[6 000,8 000）	13	2.12
	小学	163	26.55		[8 000,10 000）	32	5.21
	初中	243	39.58		[10 000,20 000）	144	23.45
	高中/中专/大专	133	21.66		[20 000,40 000）	240	39.09
	本科	32	5.21		[40 000,60 000）	94	15.31
	硕士及以上	1	0.16		>60 000	73	11.89
职业	农民	404	65.80	收入主要来源	农业	31	5.05
	普通工人	57	9.28		林业	4	0.65
	个体户	54	8.79		养殖业	1	0.16
	医生	2	0.33		营业	56	9.12
	公务员	13	2.12		打工	478	77.85
	教师	9	1.47		其他	44	7.17
	学生	22	3.58
	退休	12	1.95
	无业	28	4.56
	其他	13	2.12

Ecological compensation,psychological factors,willingness and behavior of ecological protection in the Qinba ecological function area

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变量	生态保护意愿			生态保护行为
变量	直接效应	间接效应	总效应	直接效应	间接效应	总效应
行为态度	0.367		0.367		0.159	0.159
主观规范	0.184		0.184		0.079	0.079
感知行为控制	0.305		0.305		0.132	0.132
生态补偿政策	0.182		0.182	0.142	0.079	0.221
生态保护意愿				0.432		0.432

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