1993-2013年吉林省主粮作物种植布局及其水热资源利用效率评估

doi:10.18402/resci.2017.03.12

Abstract

Abstract:

Crop water and heat resource utilization efficiency changes are the foundations for increasing grain yield potential,realizing sustainable development of agriculture,and optimizing crop distribution and responses to climate change. Based on meteorological and statistical data in Jilin,China from 1993 to 2013,according to three crop accumulated temperature requirements,we divided climate planting boundaries and estimated water and heat resource utilization efficiency in an area expanded by climate warming. From 1993 to 2013,the accumulated temperature zone had an obvious eastward enlargement,climatic planting limits of rice and maize expanded eastward to the Dunhua-Jingyu-Linjiang line,and climatic planting limits of soybean expanded eastward to Changbai. The heat resource utilization efficiency of three crops in the sensitive area was lower than in the non-sensitive area,but the water resource utilization efficiency was higher than that in the non-sensitive area. Meanwhile,crop water and heat resource utilization efficiency in sensitive areas had a significant increasing trend and the average annual growth rate was higher than in the non-sensitive area. The water and heat resources yield efficiency of rice and maize in the sensitive area was higher than in the non-sensitive area,but the yield efficiency of soybean in the sensitive area was lower than that in the non-sensitive area. The conclusions were that climate warming had a positive effect on water and heat resource efficiency in the study area. The study area could appropriately expand the planting area of maize and rice to the east,and the irrigation system and technology should be strengthened to reduce water resource constraints on rice. Local residents should avoid blindly planting grain and soybean in the most eastern region in order to reduce the risk of heat resource constraints.

Key words: climate change, planting boundary, heat resources, water resources, utilization efficiency, yield efficiency, Jilin Province

Mengmei SONG, Pingli AN, Li JIANG, Lujia CAI, Zhe ZHANG, Can HUANG. Cultivation patterns of main grain crops and evaluation of water and heat resource utilization efficiency in Jilin Province from 1993 to 2013[J].Resources Science, 2017, 39(3): 501-512.

Figures/Tables 13

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Table 7

Water and heat resource yield efficiency of crops in sensitive and non-sensitive areas of Jilin Province from 1993 to 2013"

区域	土地产出效率	水稻		玉米		大豆
区域	土地产出效率	均值	年均增长率/%	均值	年均增长率/%	均值	年均增长率/%
敏感区	热量资源产出效率/(kg/(hm² $?$ ℃))	2.80	+0.99	2.68	+1.85	0.87	+0.18
	水资源产出效率/(kg/m³)	1.09	+0.85	1.53	+1.83	0.54	+0.20
非敏感区	热量资源产出效率/(kg/(hm² $?$ ℃))	2.78	+0.21	2.66	+0.04	0.97	+1.53
	水资源产出效率/(kg/m³)	1.04	+0.53	1.52	+0.53	0.64	+1.71
吉林省	热量资源产出效率/(kg/(hm² $?$ ℃))	2.53	+0.03	2.52	+1.25	0.94	+0.32
	水资源产出效率/(kg/m³)	0.90	+0.22	1.38	+1.57	0.58	+1.62

Table 7

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评价指标	分项指标	评价内容	评价方法
水热资源利用效率(A)	热量资源利用效率(A1)	反映作物生育期内平均温度对作物生长发育的满足程度	温度隶属函数
水热资源利用效率(A)	水资源利用效率(A2)	反映作物生育期内降水量对作物需水量的满足程度	水分隶属函数
水热资源产出效率(B)	热量资源产出效率(B1)	反映作物生育期内热量条件对作物产量形成的贡献	产量/作物生育期内积温
水热资源产出效率(B)	水资源产出效率(B2)	反映作物生育期内水分条件对作物产量形成的贡献	产量/作物生育期内需水量

作物	T₁	T₂	T₀
水稻	12.5	33.0	24.0
玉米	11.5	32.0	23.0
大豆	11.0	31.5	22.0

≥10℃积温	水稻	玉米	大豆
<2 500	5 169.69	5 590.39	2 103.99
2 500~2 700	6 110.36	6 034.49	2 313.76
>2 700	7 762.78	7 393.83	2 468.51

区域	资源利用效率	水稻		玉米		大豆
区域	资源利用效率	均值	年均增长率/%	均值	年均增长率/%	均值	年均增长率/%
敏感区	热量资源利用效率	0.89	+0.67	0.96	+0.44	0.84	+0.95
敏感区	水资源利用效率	0.88	+7.29	1.00	+7.67	1.00	+4.77
非敏感区	热量资源利用效率	0.93	+0.32	0.98	+0.19	0.98	+0.20
非敏感区	水资源利用效率	0.64	+6.34	0.89	+6.13	1.00	+5.89
吉林省	热量资源利用效率	0.87	+0.36	0.94	+0.41	0.92	+0.36
吉林省	水资源利用效率	0.67	+5.11	0.99	+5.08	1.00	+6.01

作物	5-9月平均气温 /℃	≥10℃ 积温/℃	降水量 /mm	需水量 /mm
水稻	0.382**	0.392**	-0.163**	0.285**
玉米	0.264**	0.271**	-0.058	0.181**
大豆	0.223**	0.216**	-0.096*	0.186**

Cultivation patterns of main grain crops and evaluation of water and heat resource utilization efficiency in Jilin Province from 1993 to 2013

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