社会网络、推广服务与农户节水灌溉技术采用——以甘肃省民勤县为例

doi:10.18402/resci.2017.03.06

Abstract

Abstract:

From the simultaneous perspective of social network and extension services,we aimed to explore these two information channels in the water-saving technology adoption behavior of farmers. Based on survey data from Minqin County,Gansu,China we established structural equation models to analyze how social networks and extension services affect farmers’ water-saving irrigation technology adoption. We found that farmers enthusiasm for water-saving irrigation adoption is generally low; most farmers adopt water-saving technology with weak willingness and across small areas. There is an especially low level of willingness to pay. Social networks and extension services both have positive significant impacts on farmers water-saving technology adoption,indicating they play crucial roles in facilitating technology adoption. Social networks have both direct and indirect effects on water-saving irrigation technology adoption：internal dimensions of social networks have direct effects on promoting farmers water-saving irrigation technology adoption;and social networks also positively affect effectiveness of extension services,thus indirectly contributing to technology adoption. Farmers awareness of water scarcity and cognition of technology usefulness can facilitate technology adoption,and a good community environment can guarantee technology adoption. Appropriate policy recommendations are proposed based on our empirical results,such as providing funding and policy support for adopters,improving the promotional effects of model households,carrying out trading activities for farmers and providing good social environments.

Key words: social network, extension service, water-saving irrigation technology adoption, structural equation modeling, Minqin County

Dan QIAO, Qian LU, Tao XU. Social network,extension service and farmers water-saving irrigation technology adoption in Minqin County[J].Resources Science, 2017, 39(3): 441-450.

Figures/Tables 7

Figure 1

Table 1

Variable definitions and statistical descriptions"

潜变量	显变量	变量定义及赋值	均值	标准差
节水灌溉	采用意愿	农户采用节水灌溉技术意愿：很不愿意=1;不愿意=2;一般=3;愿意=4;很愿意=5	2.715	1.095
技术采用	支付意愿	农户愿意投资节水灌溉的比例：<20%=1;20%~39%=2;40%~59%=3;60%~79%=4; $≥$ 80%=5	1.574	1.060
	采用面积	农户实际采用节水灌溉技术面积：0hm²=1;0~0.33hm²=2;0.33~1hm²=3;1~2.67hm²=4; $≥$ 2.67hm²=5	2.068	1.369
社会网络	网络学习	农户是否与他人交流技术问题：从不=1;偶尔=2;一般=3;经常=4;频繁=5	3.310	1.011
	网络互动	农户是否和他人一起解决日常问题：从不=1;偶尔=2;一般=3;经常=4;频繁=5	2.884	0.990
	网络互惠	农户是否能从周围人获得有用信息：从不=1;偶尔=2;一般=3;经常=4;频繁=5	3.004	0.965
	网络信任	农户是否觉得周围人信守承诺：都不是=1;很少是=2;一般=3;很多是=4;都是=5	3.667	0.677
推广服务	推广强度	农技部门提供的推广服务多少：很少=1;比较少=2;一般=3;比较多=4;很多=5	3.669	0.738
	推广质量	农技部门推广内容作用大小：很小=1;较小=2;一般=3;较大=4;很大=5	3.601	0.786
	推广水平	农技人员指导的技术水平如何：很差=1;较差=2;一般=3;较好=4;很好=5	3.037	1.029
	推广态度	农技人员技术指导的态度如何：很差=1;较差=2;一般=3;较好=4;很好=5	2.853	1.157
农户认知	稀缺认知	农户感知灌溉水的短缺程度：很短缺=1;短缺=2;一般=3;充足=4;很充足=5	3.880	0.825
	技术认知	农户对节水灌溉的了解程度：很不了解=1;不了解=2;一般=3;了解=4;很了解=5	3.260	1.000
	水价认知	农户对灌溉水价的感知：很便宜=1;较便宜=2;一般=3;较贵=4;很贵=5	3.298	0.920
	作用认知	农户对节水灌溉作用的感知：没作用=1;作用小=2;一般=3;有作用=4;作用大=5	2.959	1.163
社区环境	制度公开	农户是否清楚村庄规章制度：很不清楚=1;不清楚=2;一般=3;清楚=4;很清楚=5	3.322	0.956
	制度运行	农户所在村庄规章制度运行如何：很不好=1;不好=2;一般=3;较好=4;很好=5	3.347	0.806
	社会风气	农户所在村庄社会风气如何：很差=1;较差=2;一般=3;较好=4;很好=5	3.760	0.702
	人际关系	农户所在村庄人际关系如何：很差=1;较差=2;一般=3;较好=4;很好=5	3.812	0.610

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Standardized path coefficients and test results of model Ⅱ"

路径	参数估计值	标准误差	临界比	标准化路径系数	显著性水平
推广服务 $←$ 社会网络	0.284	0.059	4.787	0.311	***
技术采用 $←$ 社会网络	0.283	0.069	4.112	0.249	***
技术采用 $←$ 推广服务	0.252	0.068	3.732	0.202	***
技术采用 $←$ 农户认知	0.563	0.061	9.196	0.655	***
技术采用 $←$ 社区环境	0.581	0.104	5.613	0.365	***

Table 5

Table 6

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成分	初始特征值			提取平方和载入			旋转平方和载入
成分	合计	方差的%	累计%	合计	方差的%	累计%	合计	方差的%	累计%
1	5.065	26.657	26.657	5.065	26.657	26.657	2.390	12.577	12.577
2	1.876	9.876	36.533	1.876	9.876	36.533	2.344	12.338	24.915
3	1.753	9.226	45.759	1.753	9.226	45.759	2.229	11.733	36.648
4	1.533	8.069	53.828	1.533	8.069	53.828	2.165	11.396	48.044
5	1.059	5.573	59.401	1.059	5.573	59.401	2.158	11.358	59.401
6	0.981	5.163	64.565
…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
19	0.255	1.343	100.000

因子	因子1	因子2	因子3	因子4	因子5
制度公开	0.091	0.166	0.022	0.485	0.445
制度运行	0.117	-0.030	-0.029	0.359	0.615
社会风气	0.097	0.082	0.121	0.031	0.824
人际关系	0.043	0.078	0.051	0.059	0.854
采用意愿	0.242	0.281	0.387	0.609	0.214
支付意愿	0.019	-0.008	0.106	0.794	0.082
采用面积	0.127	0.164	0.243	0.614	0.173
推广强度	0.843	0.035	0.060	0.034	0.044
推广质量	0.815	-0.046	0.005	-0.035	0.067
推广水平	0.699	0.203	0.092	0.150	0.098
推广态度	0.585	0.200	0.103	0.308	0.150
网络学习	0.038	0.785	0.184	-0.052	0.038
网络互动	0.138	0.676	0.021	0.258	0.013
网络互惠	0.168	0.676	0.004	0.212	0.021
网络信任	0.001	0.676	0.123	0.014	0.193
稀缺认知	0.009	-0.070	0.748	-0.075	0.043
技术认知	0.078	0.245	0.704	0.220	0.014
水价认知	0.042	0.032	0.684	0.165	0.064
作用认知	0.138	0.245	0.629	0.319	0.076

路径	参数估计值	标准误差	临界比	标准化路径系数	显著性水平
技术采用←社会网络	0.285	0.065	4.369	0.260	***
技术采用←推广服务	0.259	0.061	4.223	0.217	***
技术采用←农户认知	0.565	0.061	9.211	0.663	***
技术采用←社区环境	0.587	0.104	5.642	0.372	***
网络学习←社会网络	1.000	-	—	0.666	-
网络互动←社会网络	0.965	0.102	9.441	0.656	***
网络互惠←社会网络	0.892	0.094	9.443	0.622	***
网络信任←社会网络	0.549	0.059	9.376	0.546	***
推广强度←推广服务	1.000	-	-	0.837	-
推广质量←推广服务	0.940	0.062	15.288	0.740	***
推广水平←推广服务	0.938	0.096	9.815	0.563	***
推广态度←推广服务	0.915	0.107	8.576	0.489	***
稀缺认知←农户认知	0.405	0.052	7.749	0.426	***
技术认知←农户认知	0.831	0.068	12.156	0.720	***
水价认知←农户认知	0.563	0.059	9.601	0.530	***
作用认知←农户认知	1.000	-	-	0.746	-
制度公开←社区环境	1.038	0.128	8.122	0.507	***
制度执行←社区环境	0.977	0.106	9.256	0.567	***
社会风气←社区环境	1.088	0.078	13.936	0.724	***
人际关系←社区环境	1.000	-	-	0.766	-
采用意愿←技术采用	1.128	0.089	12.620	0.835	***
支付意愿←技术采用	0.648	0.067	9.650	0.466	***
采用面积←技术采用	1.000	-	-	0.564	-

拟合优度指标	评价标准	模型Ⅰ拟合值	拟合情况	模型Ⅱ拟合值	拟合情况
GFI	>0.90	0.90	理想	0.90	理想
RMSEA	<0.05	0.51	接近	0.48	理想
AGFI	>0.90	0.87	接近	0.90	理想
NFI	>0.90	0.91	理想	0.91	理想
IFI	>0.90	0.92	理想	0.92	理想
TLI	>0.90	0.90	理想	0.92	理想
CFI	>0.90	0.92	理想	0.93	理想

Social network,extension service and farmers water-saving irrigation technology adoption in Minqin County

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