青海湖流域生态服务价值时空格局变化及其影响因子研究

doi:10.18402/resci.2016.08.15

Abstract

Abstract:

The Qinghai Lake watershed has mostly alpine meadow cover. We used a modified Costanza’s model,revised to incorporate the extent of vegetation lushness and the effective time of vegetation providing ecosystem services to evaluate ecosystem service values （ESV）and analyze spatial patterns for the year 2000 and 2012. The results show that the total ESV of the Qinghai Lake watershed was 1.54×10¹² CNY,a rise of 1.20×10⁸ CNY on 2000. Water was the main source of Qinghai Lake watershed ESV,followed by grassland,woodland,farmland,and desert in 2000; however,the total ESV of desert exceeded farmland because of farmland area decline and desert area increases in 2012. Different land cover type spatial patterns in the whole space determined spatial pattern heterogeneity for ESVs in the Qinghai Lake watershed. Grassland ESV showed a latitudinal zonal pattern across the whole space,while some areas showed vertical zonal variation because of vegetation coverage and growing season changes across latitudes and vertical zones. ESV spatial patterns change significantly under the double disturbance of human activities and climate change,some regions with high ESVs from concentration distribution to uniform,grassland ESV in the space increased,and the range of Qinghai Lake with high ESV expanded. Land use change under human disturbance was the main reason to reduce total ESV,and the potential impact of climate change on ecosystems helps to increase ESV of the watershed. These data provide a scientific basis for the government to make ecological environmental protection policy under climate change for the Qinghai Lake watershed.

Key words: ecosystem services value, Spatial-temporal pattern, land cover, vegetation dynamics, growing season, Qinghai Lake watershed

JIANG Cuihong,LI Guangyong,CHENG Tao,CHEN Zhantao,ZHANG Haoran. Spatial-temporal pattern variation and impact factors of ecosystem service values in the Qinghai Lake Watershed[J].Resources Science, 2016, 38(8): 1572-1584.

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陆地生态系统类型	地理国情普查地表覆盖类型（分类代码）
农田生态系统	水田（0110）、旱地（0120）
森林生态系统	乔木林（0310）、灌木林（0320）、乔灌混合林（0330）、竹林（0340）、疏林（0350）、绿化林地（0360）、人工幼林（0370）、稀疏灌丛（0380）、果园（0210）、茶园（0220）、桑园（0230）、橡胶园（0240）、苗圃（0250）、花圃（0260）、其他园地（0290）
草地生态系统	天然草地（0410）、人工草地（0420）
城镇生态系统	多层及以上房屋建筑区（0510）、低矮房屋建筑区（0520）、废弃房屋建筑区（0530）、多层及以上独立房屋建筑（0540）、低矮独立房屋建筑（0550）、有轨道道路路面（0610）、无轨道道路路面（0601）、硬化地表（0710）、水工设施（0720）、城墙（0740）、温室大棚（0750）、固化池（0760）、工业设施（0770）、其他构筑物（0790）、露天采掘场（0810）、堆放物（0820）、建筑工地（0830）、其他人工堆掘地（0890）
水域生态系统	水面（1001）、水渠（1012）、冰川与常年积雪（1050）
荒漠生态系统	沙障（0780）、盐碱地表（0910）、泥土地表（0920）、沙质地表（0930）、砾石地表（0940）、岩石地表（0950）

生态系统类型	供给服务		调节服务				支持服务		文化服务	单位面积总价值 /（元/hm²）
生态系统类型	食物生产	原材料	气体调节	气候调节	水分调节	废物循环	保持土壤	生物控制	文化娱乐	单位面积总价值 /（元/hm²）
农田生态系统	884.9	88.5	442.4	787.5	530.9	1 451.2	1 291.9	628.2	8.8	6 114.3
森林生态系统	148.2	1 338.3	1 940.1	1 827.8	1 836.8	772.5	1 805.4	2 025.4	934.1	12 628.7
草地生态系统	193.1	161.7	673.7	700.6	682.6	592.8	1 006.0	839.8	390.7	5 241.0
城镇生态系统	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
水域生态系统	238.0	157.2	229.0	925.2	8 429.6	6 669.1	184.1	1 540.4	1 994.0	20 366.7
荒漠生态系统	9.0	18.0	27.0	58.4	31.4	116.8	76.4	179.6	107.8	624.3

2000年	2012年
2000年	农田	森林	草地	城镇	水域	荒漠	总面积
农田	7 980.8	12 504.6	23 208.1	398.5	0	94.8	44 186.8
森林	8.3	33 394.2	100 267.7	56.4	0	1 706.1	135 432.7
草地	1 215.9	39 412.0	1 908 385.6	1 898.5	1 437.1	89 033.1	2 041 382.2
城镇	13.5	60.9	454.3	738.9	0	5.6	1 273.2
水域	2.2	5.0	497.8	9.6	472 211.8	1 058.4	473 784.8
荒漠	5.1	5 667.8	77 447.7	21.6	5 070.8	185 158.0	273 371.0
总面积	9 225.8	91 044.5	2 110 261.2	3 123.5	478 719.7	277 056.0	2 969 430.7

	农田	森林	草地	城镇	水域	荒漠	生态系统服务价值总量
2000年	2.70	17.10	38.69	0	96.49	1.71	156.69
2012年	0.56	11.50	46.64	0	97.50	1.73	157.93

Spatial-temporal pattern variation and impact factors of ecosystem service values in the Qinghai Lake Watershed

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