国际经验对海南自由贸易港规划建设的启示

doi:10.18402/resci.2021.02.02

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

海南自由贸易港规划建设不仅是海南自身发展的需要,也是中国深化改革、扩大开放、实现经济转型及应对国际竞争与挑战的重要战略举措。本文在总结与归纳自由贸易区的含义、类型以及发展经验的基础上,对海南自由贸易港建设的基础与条件、功能与作用、属性与类型、产业选择、空间结构、监管模式、政策法规、营商环境以及风险防控等方面作了系统分析与探讨。海南自由贸易港应成为双循环发展战略、区域全面经济伙伴关系（RCEP）和中欧投资协定（CAI）先行试验区,成为复合综合型自贸区;应以航运物流和国际贸易、旅游与服务贸易为主导,以研发制造与现代农业为辅,多业态组合;以主岛为主,离岛为辅,以各类园区为建设重点;在全岛单独关税区管理基础上,实施“港中有区”镶嵌式管理模式;加快“海南自由贸易港基本法”立法,实施货物、投资、资本、人员、信息便利自由化流动与低税收政策,简化法规形式与内容;逐步完善人居环境,提升综合交通水平;防止经济与政治风险,建立海防中心与非法滞留人员遣返中心;限制国土与岸线开发强度、人口规模与密度,实现可持续发展。本文对完善自由贸易区学术研究与海南自由贸易港规划建设具有理论与实践意义。

关键词: 自由港, 经济特区, 自由贸易区, 自由贸易试验区, 海南自由贸易港

Abstract:

The planning and development of Hainan pilot free trade zone and Free Trade Port is not only out of the needs of Hainan’s development, but also an important measure and a strategic step for China to deepen reforms, expand opening up, achieve economic transformation, and respond to international competitions and challenges. The current research focuses on the theoretical basis, planning sce-narios, management mode, legal issues, and value and effect of Hainan free trade zone and domestic and international cases, but there is a lack of systematic and in-depth research on the planning and development of Hainan Free Trade Port. This study examined the types and functions, industrial development, spatial structure, policy and supervision, business environment, and risk prevention of Hainan Free Trade Port in an attempt to spur further debates among the policymakers and aca-demic community. Hainan Free Trade Port should become a pilot zone of the “double circulation” strategy, Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), and China-EU Comprehensive Agreement on Investment (CAI), a complex and comprehensive free trade zone, which should take shipping logistics and international trade, and tourism and service trade as leading sectors, and research and development, manufacturing, and modern agriculture as auxiliary sectors. It should take the main island as the key platform, the outlying islands as the auxiliary, and various types of parks as the focus of development. On the basis of the management of the island’s customs zone, it should implement the management mode of “zones in free trade port”, and speed up the legislation of the Basic Law of Hainan Free Trade Port, which should be enacted to facilitate the free flow of goods, investments, capital, personnel, and information, and implement low tax policies, simplify the form and content of laws and regulations. In order to achieve sustainable development, Hainan should gradually improve the living environment and enhance the comprehensive transportation level, prevent economic and political risks, establish a coastal defense center and an illegal immigrant deporting center, and limit the development intensity of land and coastal zone and population size and density. This study has both theoretical and practical significance for enriching the academic research on free trade zones and the planning and development of Hainan Free Trade Port.

Key words: free port, special economic zone, free trade zone, pilot free trade zone, Hainan Free Trade Port

孟广文. 国际经验对海南自由贸易港规划建设的启示[J]. 资源科学, 2021, 43(2): 217-228.

MENG Guangwen. Implications of international experiences for the planning and development of Hainan Free Trade Port[J]. Resources Science, 2021, 43(2): 217-228.

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类型	作用	区位	产业	自由政策	海关监管	空间结构
商贸物流型	增加贸易与福利	交通枢纽,海港、空港	仓储运输、国际贸易、转口贸易	减免关税、金融自由为主	境内关外封闭型监管	单区,面积小
工贸结合型	增加就业与外汇收入	邻近海港和边境口岸	仓储运输、国际贸易、出口加工	保税、减免关税、增值税、所得税	境内关外封闭型监管	单区,面积小
特殊服务型	促进服务业和落后地区的发展	3S资源丰富海岛、偏僻内地	离岸金融、旅游、娱乐服务业	减免增值税、消费税与投资准入	港中有区复合型封闭监管	复区,面积大
复合综合型	促进经济发展与制度变迁	邻近主航线港口与巨大经济腹地	仓储运输、国际贸易、加工制造、现代服务业	减免税收、投资准入、金融与人员流动便利	港中有区复合型封闭监管	复区,面积大

年份	GDP/亿元	GDP全国排名	一产占比/%	二产占比/%	三产占比/%	全国一产占比/%	全国二产占比/%	全国三产占比/%
2019	5308.93	28	20.35	20.70	58.95	7.11	38.97	53.92
2018	4910.69	28	20.08	21.45	58.47	7.04	39.69	53.27
2017	4462.54	28	21.57	22.33	56.10	7.47	39.85	52.68
2016	4053.20	28	23.40	22.35	54.25	8.06	39.58	52.36
2015	3702.76	28	23.09	23.65	53.26	8.39	40.84	50.77