黄河流域专业村空间格局演化及影响因素

doi:10.18402/resci.2020.12.04

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

黄河流域作为中国重要的粮食生产核心区和打赢脱贫攻坚战的重要区域,探究黄河流域专业村分布及演化的一般规律,对实现农区经济高质量发展具有重要意义。因此,本文以黄河流域专业村为研究对象,运用ArcGIS空间分析和地理探测器等方法,多尺度综合揭示2008—2017年黄河流域专业村的空间格局演变特征及影响因素。结果表明：①黄河流域专业村整体空间格局的集聚程度不断增加,主要集聚分布区位于关中平原和黄河下游地区;②黄河流域专业村县级尺度上空间格局演化呈现由带状向团状转变,团状集聚形态包括城郊集聚、乡镇集聚和乡村腹地集聚;③黄河流域专业村主要在低海拔区、缓坡区、河流两岸和公路两侧分布较多且增长较快;④黄河流域专业村影响因子主要体现在技术、制度、文化和市场方面,且不同分区上专业村分布的核心影响因子有所不同。因此,建议落后地区在充分挖掘自身优势的基础上,完善基础设施,引进先进技术,生产特级、优级、名牌农产品;发达地区要充分发挥先进技术、完善制度和创新文化对专业村持续健康发展的促进和引领作用。

关键词: 专业村, 空间格局演化, 影响因素, 地理探测器, 黄河流域

Abstract:

The Yellow River Basin is an important core area of grain production in China and an important area to win the battle against poverty. Exploring the general pattern of the distribution and evolution of the specialized villages in the area is of great significance for the high-quality economic development of the region. Taking the specialized villages in the Yellow River Basin as the research object and using ArcGIS spatial analysis and Geodetector tools, this study comprehensively analyzed the spatial pattern evolution and influencing factors from 2008 to 2017. The results show that: (1) The concentration of the overall spatial distribution is increasing, and the concentrated distribution area is in the Guanzhong Plain and the lower Yellow River Basin; (2) The spatial pattern at the county level has changed from bands to clusters. The cluster-like agglomeration forms include suburban agglomeration, township agglomeration, and rural hinterland agglomeration; (3) Specialized villages are mainly distributed in low-altitude areas, areas with gentle slopes, along rivers, and along highways, with rapid growth; (4) The influencing factors of specialized village distribution in the Yellow River Basin are mainly in the technological, institutional, cultural, and market dimensions, and the core impact factors of spatial distribution vary in different regions. Therefore, it is recommended that underdeveloped regions, on the basis of fully exploiting their own advantages, should improve infrastructure, introduce advanced technology, and strive to produce high quality agricultural products. The developed regions should make full use of advanced technologies, well-developed management systems, and innovative culture to promote and lead the sustainable and healthy development of specialized villages.

Key words: specialized villages, spatial evolution, influencing factors, Geodetector, Yellow River Basin

刘晨光. 黄河流域专业村空间格局演化及影响因素[J]. 资源科学, 2020, 42(12): 2300-2313.

LIU Chenguang. Spatial evolution of specialized villages and influencing factors in the Yellow River Basin[J]. Resources Science, 2020, 42(12): 2300-2313.

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年份	青海	四川	甘肃	宁夏	内蒙古	山西	陕西	河南	山东	总计
2008年	355	5	278	286	301	937	1229	1127	2662	7180
2010年	351	7	329	248	179	632	2942	1170	2932	8790
2014年	199	21	502	183	152	509	4128	1245	2351	9290
2017年	169	36	501	225	129	521	3922	1258	2658	9419

因素	一级区	二级区	三级区	四级区	五级区	六级区	七级区	八级区
X₁/m	≤200	200~500	500~1000	1000~1500	1500~2000	2000~3000	3000~4000	>4000
X₂/mm	≤200	200~400	400~800	—	—	—	—	—
X₃/(km/km²⁾	≤0.01	0.01~0.02	0.02~0.03	0.03~0.04	0.04~0.05	0.05~0.06	0.06~0.09	>0.09
X₄/(km/km²)	≤0.06	0.06~0.17	0.17~0.28	0.28~0.40	0.40~0.56	0.56~0.83	0.83~1.32	>1.32
X₅/(hm²/人)	≤0.02	0.02~0.08	0.08~0.11	0.11~0.16	0.16~0.24	0.24~0.35	0.35~0.59	>0.59
X₆/万人	≤2.9	2.9~6.9	6.9~12.0	12.0~17.4	17.4~24.6	24.6~34.0	34.0~47.3	>47.3
X₇/万元	≤0.58	0.58~1.18	1.18~1.89	1.89~2.87	2.87~4.57	4.57~7.40	7.40~10.77	>10.77
X₈/万元	≤0.22	0.22~0.28	0.28~0.35	0.35~0.41	0.41~0.49	0.49~0.57	0.57~0.68	>0.68
X₉/个	0	0~4	4~8	8~13	13~18	18~26	26~36	>36
X₁₀/个	0	0~5	5~10	10~17	17~24	24~38	38~52	>52
X₁₁/个	0	0~4	4~8	8~12	12~14	14~22	22~29	>29
X₁₂/个	0	0~1	1~3	3~5	5~8	8~11	11~16	>16
X₁₃/个	0	0~4	4~7	7~12	12~16	16~22	22~30	>30
X₁₄/个	≤3	3~8	8~14	14~20	20~27	27~44	44~63	>63
X₁₅/个	0	0~4	4~9	9~16	16~26	26~45	45~56	>56
X₁₆/个	0	0~2	2~5	5~7	7~10	10~15	15~21	>21
X₁₇/个	0	0~2	2~5	5~8	8~11	11~18	18~24	>24

年份	平均观测距离/km	预期平均距离/km	最邻近比率	Z得分	研究区面积/km²
2008年	3.17	7.47	0.42	-93.3	1604570.56
2010年	2.87	7.02	0.41	-105.91	1730643.17
2014年	2.74	7.19	0.38	-114.07	1911723.16
2017年	2.75	6.97	0.39	-112.32	1832066.08

集聚形态	县级单元名单
城郊集聚	内蒙古自治区：土默特右旗;陕西省：陇县、太白县、洛南县、西安市市辖区、宝鸡市市辖区、铜川市市辖区;河南省：卫辉市、商丘市市辖区;山东省：滨州区、冠县
乡镇集聚	宁夏回族自治区：吴忠市市辖区、平罗县;陕西省：三原县;山东省：曹县、成武县、广饶县、博兴县、利津县、商河县、冠县、无棣县、定陶县
乡村腹地集聚	山西省：汾阳市;河南省：民权县;山东省：寿光市、邹平县、宁阳县、惠民县、莱芜市、无棣县、肥城市、梁山县、成武县、济阳县

海拔/m	2008年	2010年	2014年	2017年
0~200	3408	3713	3153	3449
200~500	780	1020	1282	1217
500~1000	1071	1691	2107	2042
1000~1500	1217	1642	2109	2063
1500~2000	345	366	327	358
2000~3000	307	287	223	203
3000~4000	51	70	83	85
4000~6127	1	1	6	2