流域生态服务价值横向补偿分摊研究

doi:10.18402/resci.2019.06.01

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

横向生态补偿作为实现绿水青山就是金山银山、促进流域上下游间协调发展的重要制度保障,可实现社会经济效益和生态环境效益的“双赢”。本文基于福利经济学与环境经济学原理,构建了能实现社会效用最大化的流域生态服务价值横向补偿的理论模型,发现只有下游各地方政府给予上游公平合理的补偿,才能弥补上游由于实施生态保护而导致的效用的减少。然后通过层次分析法与结构熵权法相结合,测算下游各地方政府应分摊的横向补偿的权重。并以渭河流域为例,测算得到渭河流域下游的宝鸡市政府、咸阳市政府、西安市政府与渭南市政府对流域上游横向补偿的分摊比例分别为27.11%、22.24%、29.82%、20.83%,该分摊方案定量划分了下游各地方政府应承担的责任,而且分摊比例与上述4市的经济发展情况相匹配,兼顾效率与公平,也利于强化下游各地方政府保护与建设流域生态环境的责任感和使命感。

关键词: 生态服务价值, 横向补偿, 社会效用, 分摊份额, 层次分析法, 结构熵权法, 渭河流域

Abstract:

Horizontal ecological compensation as an important institutional arrangement for achieving ecological protection and promoting coordinated development between upstream and downstream areas can realize both socioeconomic and environmental benefits in a win-win situation. Based on the principles of welfare economics and environmental economics, this study constructed a theoretical model for horizontal compensation of watershed ecological service value that can maximize social utility. It is found that only when downstream local governments transfer funds to an upstream area in a fair amount can upstream area’s reduction in utility caused by protecting ecosystem services be reasonably compensated for. By combining analytic hierarchy process with structural entropy weight method, we calculated weights of horizontal compensation that should be shared by local governments in a downstream area. Taking the Weihe River watershed as an example, it is estimated that the proportions of the horizontal compensation for the upstream area by Baoji, Xianyang, Xi’an, and Weinan city governments of the Weihe River watershed downstream area are 27.11%, 22.24%, 29.82%, and 20.83%. Thereby, the horizontal compensation share of the downstream local governments that can improve social utility is obtained. In the proposed burden-sharing scheme, the proportion of compensation burden to be borne by Xi’an, Baoji, Xianyang, and Weinan governments decreases successively, in line with the economic development level of the four cities. The assessment results quantitatively determine the responsibility of the local governments of the downstream area, which not only gives consideration to efficiency and fairness, but also helps strengthen the sense of responsibility of the local governments in the downstream area to protect and build the ecological environment of the watershed.

Key words: ecosystem service value, horizontal compensation, social utility, share of burden, analytic hierarchy process, structural entropy weight method, Weihe River watershed

王奕淇, 李国平, 延步青. 流域生态服务价值横向补偿分摊研究[J]. 资源科学, 2019, 41(6): 1013-1023.

Yiqi WANG, Guoping LI, Buqing YAN. Sharing of watershed ecosystem service value horizontal compensation burden by downstream cities[J]. Resources Science, 2019, 41(6): 1013-1023.

图/表 4

图1

表1

表2

渭河流域下游各地方政府应承担的补偿份额的权重"

价值类别	分项价值权重（ $w i$ ）	补偿主体	分项价值的分摊权重（ $w j$ ）	总价值的分摊权重（ $w ij$ ）
供给服务价值	水产品价值（0.0806）	宝鸡市政府	0.2896	0.0234
		咸阳市政府	0.1871	0.0151
		西安市政府	0.3362	0.0271
		渭南市政府	0.1871	0.0151
	水资源供给价值（0.1959）	宝鸡市政府	0.2610	0.0511
		咸阳市政府	0.2182	0.0427
		西安市政府	0.3346	0.0656
		渭南市政府	0.1862	0.0365
	水利发电价值（0.0328）	宝鸡市政府	0.2771	0.0091
		咸阳市政府	0.1840	0.0060
		西安市政府	0.3203	0.0105
		渭南市政府	0.2186	0.0072
调节服务价值	气候调节价值（0.1314）	宝鸡市政府	0.2773	0.0364
		咸阳市政府	0.2320	0.0305
		西安市政府	0.2776	0.0365
		渭南市政府	0.2131	0.0280
	水源涵养价值（0.2768）	宝鸡市政府	0.2697	0.0747
		咸阳市政府	0.2333	0.0646
		西安市政府	0.2697	0.0747
		渭南市政府	0.2273	0.0629
	环境净化价值（0.0531）	宝鸡市政府	0.2644	0.0140
		咸阳市政府	0.1795	0.0095
		西安市政府	0.3124	0.0166
		渭南市政府	0.2437	0.0129
	洪水调蓄价值（0.0306）	宝鸡市政府	0.2876	0.0088
		咸阳市政府	0.2258	0.0069
		西安市政府	0.2876	0.0088
		渭南市政府	0.1990	0.0061
支持服务价值	土壤保持价值（0.1021）	宝鸡市政府	0.2737	0.0279
		咸阳市政府	0.2547	0.0260
		西安市政府	0.2720	0.0278
		渭南市政府	0.1996	0.0204
	生物多样性保护价值（0.0341）	宝鸡市政府	0.2647	0.0090
		咸阳市政府	0.2241	0.0076
		西安市政府	0.2648	0.0090
		渭南市政府	0.2464	0.0084
文化服务价值	休闲娱乐价值（0.0522）	宝鸡市政府	0.2663	0.0139
		咸阳市政府	0.2292	0.0120
		西安市政府	0.3450	0.0180
		渭南市政府	0.1595	0.0083
	文化科研价值（0.0104）	宝鸡市政府	0.2685	0.0028
		咸阳市政府	0.1482	0.0015
		西安市政府	0.3442	0.0036
		渭南市政府	0.2391	0.0025

表2

表3

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