基于RWEQ的宁夏草地防风固沙服务评估

doi:10.18402/resci.2019.05.14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

宁夏草地在区域防风固沙中发挥了重要的作用。现有研究大多是基于微观尺度,针对区域尺度的宁夏草地防风固沙时空格局及其变化规律尚不清楚。本文基于RWEQ模型,利用ArcGIS和ENVI,对2000—2015年间宁夏草地防风固沙服务功能进行了定量化的估算。结果表明：①2000—2015年宁夏草地年潜在风蚀总量为1028.30~7540.50万t,年实际风蚀总量为269.75~3318.71万t;②2000—2015年宁夏草地年防风固沙物质总量为729.80~4120.04万t,16年间共增加了124.13万t,平均单位面积年防风固沙物质量在0.33~1.77 kg/m²之间,空间分布呈现出“中高南北低”的特点;防风固沙保有率平均值为0.65~0.79;③草地防风固沙等级以“中等”和“较弱”为主,占总固沙量的47%~65%;“中等”及以上的草地面积波动增加,“弱”和“较弱”等级的草地面积减少;④中部干旱区和南部山区草地防风固沙量占总量的90%以上,北部灌区草地防风固沙量则呈现“先增后减”的趋势。北部灌区和中部干旱区是未来风沙治理需更加关注的区域。本文揭示了宁夏草地防风固沙的时空格局,为未来区域风沙治理提供了参考。

关键词: 宁夏, 草地, 防风固沙, 修正风蚀方程模型（RWEQ）, 生态系统服务, 风蚀, 时空格局

Abstract:

Grassland in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region plays a crucial role in sand-fixing. But most of the existing studies are based on micro-scale research, therefore the temporal and spatial patterns of grassland wind-breaking and sand-fixing functions at the regional scale in Ningxia are still unclear. Based on the revised wind erosion equation (RWEQ) model, we quantitatively estimated the sand-fixing function of the grassland ecosystem in Ningxia from 2000 to 2015 with ArcGIS and ENVI. The results show that: (1) The amount of total potential wind erosion ranged from 1028.30×10⁴ t to 7540.50×10⁴ t while the amount of total actual wind erosion was calculated to be from 269.75×10⁴ t to 3318.71×10⁴ t. (2) The total amount of fixed material of the grassland in Ningxia ranged from 729.80×10⁴ t to 4120.04×10⁴ t, increased by 124.13×10⁴ t through the study period, and the average amount of fixed material per unit area ranged between 0.33 kg/m² and 1.77 kg/m², with a spatial distribution pattern of high in the central region and low in the north and south. Retention rates increased and averaged between 0.65 and 0.79. (3) The levels of sand-fixing function of grassland in Ningxia from 2000 to 2015 were mainly moderate and weak, accounting for 47% to 65% of the total amount of sand fixation. The area of grassland with moderate and above levels of sand-fixing function increased, while the area with weak and relatively weak grades kept reducing. (4) The proportion of sand-fixing function in the grasslands of the southern mountainous areas and the central arid areas was more than 90%, while that in the northern irrigation grassland decreased first and then increased. The northern and central arid areas need more attention on the management of sandstorm in the future. This study revealed the temporal and spatial patterns of sand fixation of grassland in Ningxia, providing a reference for future wind and sand management.

Key words: Ningxia, grassland, sand-fixing function, revised wind erosion equation (RWEQ), ecosystem services, wind erosion, spatiotemporal patterns

王洋洋, 肖玉, 谢高地, 徐洁. 基于RWEQ的宁夏草地防风固沙服务评估[J]. 资源科学, 2019, 41(5): 980-991.

Yangyang WANG, Yu XIAO, Gaodi XIE, Jie XU. Sand-fixing function of the grassland ecosystem in Ningxia based on the revised wind erosion model[J]. Resources Science, 2019, 41(5): 980-991.

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数据来源	sa	si	cl	sa/cl	OM	CaCO₃
RWEQ数据库^[40]	5.50~93.60	0.50~69.50	5.00~39.30	l.20~53.00	0.18~4.79	0.00~25.20
本文	1.52~42.54	25.17~92.16	2.60~35.50	1.47~31.87	0.31~17.70	0.30~20.00

年份	最大值/(kg/m）	最小值/(kg/m)	平均值/(kg/m)
2000	62.53	0.00	15.61
2005	48.84	0.99	19.01
2010	27.08	0.00	5.56
2015	61.27	0.02	14.30

数据来源	WF/（kg/m²）	EF	SCF	K'	C
江凌^[22]	0.03~36.99	0.00~0.71	0.04~0.97	0.13~0.98	0.03~1.00
本文	0.02~62.53	0.08~0.55	0.09~0.95	0.19~1.00	0.01~1.00

	项目/单位	2000年	2005年	2010年	2015年
潜在风蚀	单位面积年最大值/(kg/m²)	36.58	29.35	14.00	36.38
	单位面积年最小值/(kg/m²)	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	单位面积年平均值/(kg/m²)	1.99	3.19	0.45	1.75
	总量/万t	4 562.59	7 540.50	1 028.30	3 968.38
实际风蚀	单位面积年最大值/(kg/m²)	19.16	23.32	9.44	22.53
	单位面积年最小值/(kg/m²)	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	单位面积年平均值/(kg/m²)	0.87	1.42	0.12	0.58
	总量/万t	2 002.08	3 318.71	269.75	1 290.18
防风固沙	单位面积年最大值/(kg/m²)	36.14	29.07	13.57	35.36
	单位面积年最小值/(kg/m²)	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	单位面积年平均值/(kg/m²)	1.11	1.77	0.33	1.71
	总量/万t	2 477.28	4 120.04	729.80	2 601.41

等级	2000年		2005年		2010年		2015年
等级	固沙量/万t	占比/%	固沙量/万t	占比/%	固沙量/万t	占比/%	固沙量/万t	占比/%
弱	534.75	21.59	477.04	11.58	337.71	46.27	495.38	19.04
较弱	908.74	36.68	1 184.08	28.74	312.86	42.87	850.13	32.68
中等	695.66	28.08	751.86	18.25	58.30	7.99	822.38	31.61
较强	192.89	7.79	1 488.72	36.13	19.99	2.74	238.73	9.18
强	145.23	5.86	218.35	5.30	0.93	0.13	194.79	7.49
总计	2 477.28	100.00	4 120.04	100.00	729.80	100.00	2 601.41	100.00