2000-2015年中国典型草原草地动态及其对管理政策的响应

doi:10.18402/resci.2017.07.05

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中国实施的生态治理和生态补偿政策,一定程度减缓了草地退化进程,但草地生产功能与生态功能之间的矛盾尚未根本解决。本研究以中国典型草原区呼伦贝尔市为研究区域,基于遥感影像资料和农牧户调研数据,采用空间自相关分析和参与式农村评估方法,分析呼伦贝尔市2000-2015年草地时空动态特征,研究结果表明,两个研究时段内,草地质量综合指数减少的面积分别占草地总面积的60.03%和24.9%,皆以轻度减少为主;草地变化空间格局上呈现显著的集聚特征,草地质量综合指数变化的低值集聚区主要位于大兴安岭以东的农牧区域,高值集聚区主要位于西部典型草原区。通过对样本点草地变化与草牧业发展政策的相关性分析发现,禁牧封育、草畜平衡和草原补贴政策对草地质量降低起到了一定遏制作用,但政策失灵和执行效率偏低弱化了政策效应。

关键词: 草地变化, 管理策略, 典型草原区, 呼伦贝尔

Abstract:

Grassland is a basic resource for human survival that provides basic material for husbandry development and protection for land ecosystems. With global climate change and intensification of human activity,grassland degradation in China is a major issue. Policy interventions have been the main measure to control restrain grassland degradation and protect and regain grassland resources. With implementation of ecological management and ecological compensation policies,the process of grassland degradation has slowed,however,the contradiction between grassland production and ecological function has not been solved. Here,we selected Hulunbuir （a typical steppe in China）and used field surveys and remote sensing image data to analyze spatiotemporal differentiation of grassland changes between 2000 and 2015. Our aim was to evaluate the defects of national grassland policy on eco-animal husbandry. We found that the grassland quality comprehensive index decreased in area,accounting for 60.03% and 24.9% of the total area in the two periods and indicating a slight decrease. The change in grassland showed a clustered character. We found that the low value clustered region of grassland change is located in the farming areas east of Khingan,and high value clustered region of grassland change is located in the west typical steppe. Through investigating grassland policies we found that relevant policies such as enclosure and grazing prohibition,livestock balance and husbandry subsidies to grassland change has certainly played a positive role; however,they are alone not enough to prevent grassland degradation. Due to lack of policy and operational mechanisms,the effect of policies are lagging and there is further scope for significant effects.

Key words: grassland change, management policies, typical steppe, Hulunbuir

杨勇, 邓祥征, 白羽萍, 王国峰, 贾斯琪. 2000-2015年中国典型草原草地动态及其对管理政策的响应[J]. 资源科学, 2017, 39(7): 1272-1280.

Yong YANG, Xiangzheng DENG, Yuping BAI, Guofeng WANG, Siqi JIA. Grassland dynamics and response to management policies in China's typical steppe from 2000 to 2015[J]. Resources Science, 2017, 39(7): 1272-1280.

图/表 7

表1

调研区的空间分布"

调研区	经度E/ $°$	纬度N/ $°$	是否农垦（0为否,1为是）	主导产业类型
莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗巴彦农场乌如塔拉	124.434 9	49.312 4	1	农业
	124.382 7	49.422 7	1	农业
莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗巴彦农场7队	124.470 7	49.392 5	1	农业
	120.222 2	49.542 0	1	农业
陈巴尔虎旗巴彦库仁陶海牧场场部	120.222 2	49.494 8	1	牧业、农业
	120.274 9	49.322 0	1	牧业、农业
陈巴尔虎旗特泥河场部	120.271 9	49.322 0	1	牧业、农业
	120.274 1	49.322 2	1	牧业、农业
	120.221 2	49.291 4	1	牧业、农业
陈巴尔虎旗特泥河4队	120.211 2	49.290 2	1	牧业、农业
	120.221 2	49.290 4	1	牧业、农业
陈巴尔虎旗东乌珠尔白音乌拉	118.522 0	49.232 4	0	牧业
	118.531 4	49.231 6	0	牧业
陈巴尔虎旗东乌珠尔查干诺尔	119.050 4	49.170 2	0	牧业
	119.050 4	49.222 3	0	牧业
	120.114 2	50.053 9	0	牧业
额尔古纳市拉布大林110队	120.114 3	50.053 8	1	农业、牧业
	120.114 6	50.053 8	1	农业、牧业
鄂温克族自治旗巴彦塔拉温都尔	119.435 9	49.000 8	1	农业、牧业
	120.205 5	49.045 6	1	农业、牧业
鄂温克族自治旗巴彦嵯岗莫和尔图嘎查	120.214 0	49.063 1	0	牧业
	120.205 5	49.455 6	0	牧业
	120.214 0	49.613 1	0	牧业

表1

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